Susan,+Annie+&+Hanna+(G)

= **1800 - 1850** =

//The questions are not necessarily in chronological order because the AP exam does not ask them in order.// //All answers will be posted after class//

Get out a piece of paper and a pencil, and take the first 5 minutes (maximum) to take this multiple choice quiz with the person next to you. There will be candy for the top 2 pairs!

Section A. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What happened during the election of 1800? a. Federalist John Adams won the election with 73 electoral votes, and there was a transfer of power from the Republicans to the Federalists. c. Federalist Alexander Hamilton lost the election with 65 electoral votes, and there was a transfer of power away from the Federalists. d. Federalist Charles Pinckney won the election with 73 electoral votes, and there was a transfer of power from the Republicans to the Federalists.
 * b. Republican Thomas Jefferson won the election with 73 electoral votes, and there was a transfer of power from the Federalists to the Republicans.**

2. Describe some characteristics of the Republican identities in a New Republic: a. It was an age of a rapid decline in population. b. Transportation facilities got worse. d. 40% of the population was black slaves.
 * c. Children under the age of 16 had the largest population.**

3. How was commercial life in the cities in the early 1800s? b. American shipping failed. c. Industrialization and mechanization were popular among craftsmen. d. More than 20% of the population was urban.
 * a. U.S. economy was based on agriculture and trade.**

4. What best describes President Jefferson? a. loved ceremonies and formality; refused to be dedicated to intellectual pursuits b. had a goal of expanding the size and cost of the government d. had bad relations with Congressional leaders, had to veto multiple bills
 * c. wanted to keep the United States out of war**

5. What was NOT a part of the Jefferson Reforms? a. Cutting federal debt was a priority. b. The tax system was restructured; direct taxes were eliminated. c. The Federalists fell apart and Republicans prospered. 6. What was NOT true about the Louisiana Purchase? a. It would help make America a first-rank power. b. Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million. c. Jefferson saw New Orleans as vital to the United States.
 * d. The military was expanded enormously.**
 * d. Jefferson himself went to France to negotiate the purchase.**

7. Which statement about the Lewis and Clark Expedition is FALSE? a. The goal was to find out if the Missouri River went to the Pacific and to explore flora and fauna. b. Sacagawea was helpful in the expedition in dealing with nature and the Native Americans whom they encountered. d. The expedition was commissioned before the purchase of Lousiana.
 * c. The expedition was commissioned after the purchase of Lousiana.**

8. The Judiciary Act of 1801… b. was strongly supported by Jeffersons. c. created no controversy about judges’ constitutional rights.
 * a. created new circuit courts filled with loyal Federalists.**

9. The Yazoo controversy… a. was a fraudulent land case in New York. c. was a fraudulent land case in Pennsylvania. d. was a fraudulent land case in West Virginia.
 * b. was a fraudulent land case in Georgia.**

10. Vice-President Aaron Burr DID NOT… a. kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel and get arrested. b. separate from Jefferson. d. flee to the West after the Burr-Hamilton duel.  11. Which of the following did NOT happen? a. James Madison was elected president in 1808. b. The Embargo Act was repealed in favor of the Non-Intercourse Act. d. The English seized U.S. ships that had opened trade with England. 12. Which of these authors is NOT from the 1800-1850s? a. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. Nathaniel Hawthorne d. Herman Melville e. James Russell Lowell
 * c. seek Republican support in 1804 New York governor’s race.**
 * c. The Non-Intercourse Act replaced Macon’s Bill Number Two.**
 * b. Arthur Miller**

13. Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act was spurred by a. raids on white settlements in Georgia and Mississippi b. his desire to exterminate the Native Americans d. the threat of foreign nations joining forces with tribes e. a need to clear the way for the expansion of slavery [from Kaplan]
 * c. continued white expansion into traditional tribal homelands**

14. Which election was significant for new electioneering technique? a. election of 1800 b. election of 1804 c. election of 1820 d. election of 1824
 * e. election of 1828**

15. The Doctrine of Nullification allowed individual states to set aside state laws, and this was spelled out by a. Thomas Jefferson c. John Quincy Adams d. Henry Clay e. James Madison
 * b. John C. Calhoun**

16. The Bank War led to the formation of which political party? b. Republicans c. Tories d. Populists e. Democrats
 * a. Whigs**

17. Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831) took place chiefly because of a. economic issues c. political issues d. gender issues e. all of the above
 * b. slavery issues**

18. Clay's Whig Party was founded to a. support immigrant rights b. encourage the expansion of slavery d. protect the interest of farmers e. lower tariffs on imported goods [from Kaplan]
 * c. oppose the politics of Andrew Jackson**

19. The War of 1812 led to all of the following EXCEPT a. the removal of the Native American threat in the Ohio Valley b. a heightened sense of nationalism c. the growth of American industry d. new found respect for he United States abroad [from Kaplan]
 * e. rising support for the Federalist party**

20. Jackson's personal advisers were known as the a. Yeoman farmers b. Alamo d. Greenback Party e. Bull Moose Party
 * c. Kitchen Cabinet**

21. The construction of which system helped the Transportation Revolution? a. The Panama Canal b. cotton gin d. cars e. ships
 * c. Erie Canal**

Section B. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTION Prompt: During the presidency of Andrew Jackson the power of the presidency increased despite American society becoming more democratic. Using the documents AND your knowledge of the time period, assess the validity of this statement.

Take 5 minutes to look over these documents and come up with several ideas on how you would answer this prompt.

Document A Source: Supreme Court Case Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall). John Marshall wrote that "the Conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of an two people in existence, their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian…(they were a) domestic dependent nation. " This Established a "true relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority. Native American tribes are sovereign nations within the U.S. Therefore, the leaders of GA and Jackson could not force them off the land. The power of the President increased despite this case because he chose to ignore the ruling and with the Trail of Tears he expelled the Cherokee Nation from the state of Georgia, forcing them to move west thousands of miles in Oklahoma.
 * EXPLANATION**: John Marshall decided in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia decided that

Document B Source: Andrew Jackson's Veto Message. Washington, July 10, 1832 To the Senate: A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people. Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability or organizing an institution combining all its advantages and obviating these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. because he believed it was unconstitutional, he felt it only benefited the wealthy, and he had grievances with the institution because of its alleged role in the Panic of 1819. Jackson took control of U.S. economic policy, over rode a decision of Congress, and despite its economic backfiring, he continued to support his decision.  Document C Source: Henry Clay on Political Power (1834) Sir, I am surprised and alarmed at the new source of executive power which is found in the result of a presidential election. I had supposed that the Constitution and the laws were the sole source of executive authority; that the Constitution could only be amended in the mode which it has itself prescribed; that the issue of a presidential election was merely to place the chief magistrate in consequence of the election, that the Constitution defines and delegates. But it seems that if, prior to an election, certain opinions, no matter how ambiguously put forth by a candidate, are known to the people, these loose opinions, in virtue of the election, incorporate themselves with the Constitution, and afterward are to be regarded and expounded as parts of the instrument! Jackson’s presidency was the Tariff of Abominations. Due to his actions the state of South Carolina chose to nullify the tax. In response, Andrew Jackson had to impose the force bill which sent federal troops to South Carolina in order to make them pay the tax. Andrew Jackson despite believing firmly in states’ rights put the interest of the Union
 * EXPLANATION:** Outside information: Andrew Jackson chose to nullify the charter of the Bank of the United States
 * EXPLANATION:** Outside Information: In response to the Election of 1832, one of the biggest issues surrounding Andrew

Document D Source: Supreme Court Case Worcester v. Georgia (1832, Marshall). It established tribal autonomy within their boundaries, i.e. the tribes were "distinct political communities, having territorial boundaries within which their authority is exclusive."

Document E Source: Andrew Jackson quoted in 1830 If it be expected that the people of this country, reckless of their constitutional obligations, will prefer their local interest to the principles of the Union, such expectations will in the end be disappointed; or, if it be not so, then indeed has the world little to hope from the example of free government.

Document F Source: Map on Indian Removal from 1820 to 1840  Document G Source: "The Downfall of Mother Bank," 1833

Document H Source: Supreme Court Case Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bidge (1837, Taney) The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society's interest over private interests.

Document I Source: "King Andrew" Political Cartoon, 1832

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Section C. FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Question will be presented during class. You will be given time ( 5 min max) to brainstorm in two groups. We will be handing out a sample answer as well. The group that comes up with the most accurate response will be awarded :D


 * In what ways did the emerging sectional conflicts within the United States manifest themselves in the election of Andrew Jackson and in the domestic policies of the nation in the years 1828 - 1837?**

//An ideal response will be posted after class.//

- to manifest means TO REVEAL - you must include details about both the election of Andrew Jackson and his domestic policies in the nation, so a good idea would be to first list them all
 * Hints:**


 * Ideal Answer:**

Andrew Jackson ran against John Quincy Adams in the election of 1828, and won.

When Jackson became president, he used the Spoils System to put his friends in office. He believed that any American could operate the government, and since the government was the people's, he appointed ordinary citizens to fill important posts. Because he held this opinion, he utilized the Kitchen Cabinet, which was made up of his own friends who were all regular people. Although they weren't officials, they ended up playing more of an important role than the official members of the regular cabinet. This, of course, created controversy. To many, it seemed unfair that Jackson was creating his own ruling council.

Many people strongly believe that the era of Jackson developed democracy in the nation. Along with the development of democracy came the spread of free public schools, the growth of immigration rate, the growth of industry, and the rise in labor unions. These all supported the "common man," or the average citizen.

Because of these domestic changes, sectional differences became more and more apparent. In the North, industry grew, whereas in the South, agriculture was prominent. In the North, the ideas of having a high tariff on imports to help its industry and using the money to build roads emerged. In the South, however the idea of having high tariffs at all was unpopular. This controversy over the tariffs was a big issue throughout the entire nation during Jackson's presidency.

In these ways, the emerging sectional conflicts within the United States manifested themselves in the election of Andrew Jackson and in the domestic policies of the nation in the years 1828-1837.

TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT FACTS 1800 – Thomas Jefferson elected third president 1801 – John Marshall Chief Justice 1803 – Louisiana Purchase Marbury v. Madison 1804 ~ 07 – Lewis and Clark Expedition 1807 – Embargo Fulton invents the steamboat Aaron Burr conspiracy trial 1808 – James Madison elected fourth president Slave trade stopped by congressional law 1810 – Annexation of West Florida 1815 – Battle of New Orleans Hartford Convention Treaty of Ghent 1816 – James Monroe elected fifth president Second Bank of the United States chartered 1817 – Rush-Bagot agreement 1818 – Washington Irving’s ketch Book published (includes Legend of Sleepy Hollow) 1820 – Missouri Compromise Greek Revival architecture dominates 1823 – Monroe Doctrine 1824 – John Quincy Adams elected sixth president 1825 – Erie Canal opened 1828 – Tariff Act Andrew Jackson elected seventh president 1831 – Alexis de Tocqueville visits United States Peggy Eaton Affair Nat Turner slave rebellion William Lloyd Garrison publishes The Liberator 1832 – Tariff Act Nullification controversary Jackson vetoes bill to re charter Second Bank of the United States Telegraph invented Reaper invented 1834 – Whig Party formed 1836 – Texas Revolution Martin Van Buren elected eighth president Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature published Transcendentalism 1837 – Panic of 1837 Specie Circular 1840 – William Henry Harrison elected eleventh president 1841 – Harrison dies; John Tyler becomes tenth president 1844 – James K. Polk elected eleventh president Oregon Dispute 1845 – Texas annexed 1846 – Oregon settlement 1846 ~ 48 – Mexican War 1848 – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gold discovered in California Zachary Taylor elected twelfth president Seneca Falls Convention (female rights) 1849 – California gold rush 1850 – Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore becomes thirteenth president Compromise of 1850