Courteney,+Annie+&+Susan+G+Interactive+DBQ+1

=Responses to Modernism: religious fundamentalism, nativism, and Prohibition pp. 732–737, 743–747= =DBQ Question: What were some of the major forms of resistance to the changes taking place in the 1920s?= = =

= = = = =** DOCUMENT A **= //Caricature of Herbert Hoover and the "noble experiment" of Prohibition Copyright 1997 State Historical Society of Wisconsin//

= = =DOCUMENT B = = = = Volstead Act- 1920 = = =  TITLE I. TO PROVIDE FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF WAR PROHIBITION. The term "War Prohibition Act" used in this Act shall mean the provisions of any Act or Acts prohibiting the sale and manufacture of intoxicating liquors until the conclusion of the present war and thereafter until the termination of demobilization, the date of which shall be determined and proclaimed by the President of the United States. The words "beer, wine, or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquors" in the War Prohibition Act shall be hereafter construed to mean any such beverages which contain one-half of 1 per centum or more of alcohol by volume:. . . TITLE II. PROHIBITION OF INTOXICATING BEVERAGES. SEC. 3. No person shall on or after the date when the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States goes into effect, manufacture, sell, barter, transport import, export, deliver, furnish or possess my intoxicating liquor except as authorized in this Act, and all the provisions of this Act shall be liberally construed to the end that the use of intoxicating liquor as a beverage may be prevented. Liquor for non beverage purposes and wine or sacramental purposes may be manufactured, purchased, sold, bartered transported, imported, exported, delivered, furnished and possessed, but only as herein provided, and he commissioner may, upon application, issue permits therefor: Provided, That nothing in this Act shall prohibit the purchase and sale of warehouse receipts covering distilled spirits on deposit in Government bonded warehouses, and no special tax liability shall attach to the business of purchasing and selling such warehouse receipts.... SEC. 6. No one shall manufacture, sell, purchase, transport, or prescribe any liquor without first obtaining a permit from the commissioner so to do, except that a person may, without a permit, purchase and use liquor for medicinal purposes when prescribed by a physician … SEC. 7. No one but a physician holding a permit to prescribe liquor shall issue any prescription for liquor. And no physician shall prescribe liquor unless after careful physical examination of the person for whose use such prescription is sought, or if such examination is found impracticable, then upon the best information obtainable, he in good faith believes that the use of such liquor as a medicine by such person is necessary and will afford relief to him from some known ailment... SEC. 18. It shall be unlawful to advertise, manufacture, sell, or possess for sale any utensil, contrivance, machine, preparation, compound, tablet, substance, formula direction, recipe advertised, designed, or intended for use in the unlawful manufacture of intoxicating liquor.... SEC. 21. Any room, house, building, boat, vehicle, structure, or place where intoxicating liquor is manufactured, sold, kept, or bartered in violation of this title, and all intoxicating liquor and property kept and used in maintaining the same, is hereby declared to be a common nuisance, and any person who maintains such a common nuisance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not more than $1,000 or be imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.... SEC. 29. Any person who manufactures or sells liquor in violation of this title shall for a first offense be fined not more than $1,000, or imprisoned not exceeding six months, and for a second or subsequent offense shall be fined not less than $200 nor more than $2,000 and be imprisoned not less than one month nor more than five years. Any person violating the provisions of any permit, or who makes any false record, report, or affidavit required by this title, or violates any of the provisions of this title, for which offense a special penalty is not prescribed, shall be fined for a first offense not more than $500; for a second offense not less than $100 nor more than $1,000, or be imprisoned not more than ninety days; for any subsequent offense he shall be fined not less than $500 and be imprisoned not less than three months nor more than two years....

= = =DOCUMENT C = = =  Druggists were made to promise that they would not sell liquor. One of the druggists who had pledged his honor not to sell intoxicating liquor, sold or pretended to sell his drug store to an outsider who at once began a promiscuous sale of liquor. The temperance people promptly rallied, and in the course of the agitation Doctor Brand, a supporter of the anti-Saloon League, made a very passionate speech on the pulpit of the old First Church against both the sales and the sellers.

"There is but one issue between the temperance people of this place and the liquor traffic today. It is this: shall we have in this town the worst possible form of a whisky shop under the guise of a drug store, and kept by an utterly unprincipled man, or shall we not? This drug store has become the worst possible form of a rumshop, where, at times at least, whisky has been sold at the rate of a barrel a week, and with such a system of secrecy, hypocrisy and falsehood as shows the proprietor to have been perfectly rotten in character. He has insulted and slandered the business men of Oberlin; he has twice laid his ruffian hands on one delicate Christian woman and pushed her with violence out of the door, simply for distributing in a quiet way temperance literature to the poor boys and men who had become his willing victims. He is a corruptor of youth."

= = = DOCUMENT D = =Religious Fundamentalism Cartoon= **http://www.chrismadden.co.uk/meaning/religion-v-rationality.html**


 * DOCUMENT E **

=**Immigration Quotas, 1925–1927**= Source: //Statistical Abstract of the United States// (Washington, D.C. Government Printing Office, 1929), 100. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5078/  **
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= = DOCUMENT F  ** ==  = **__http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/graphs/volstead18.gif__**=

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DOCUMENT G

[|Scopes-Monkey-Trial.jpg]

= = http://www.theonion.com/content/node/50828

= __D____OCUMENT H__ =  __Primary Sources: Bryan's Last Speech__ __Outmaneuvered by__ __[|Clarence Darrow]____,__ __[|William Jennings Bryan]__ __never got to deliver his closing argument in the Scopes trial. But soon after the trial -- and Bryan's subsequent death -- the entire text of Bryan's 15,000-word argument was published as Bryan's last speech. Here are a few excerpts:__ __Science is a magnificent force, but it is not a teacher of morals. It can perfect machinery, but it adds no moral restraints to protect society from the misuse of the machine. It can also build gigantic intellectual ships, but it constructs no moral rudders for the control of storm tossed human vessel. It not only fails to supply the spiritual element needed but some of its unproven hypotheses rob the ship of its compass and thus endangers its cargo. In war, science has proven itself an evil genius; it has made war more terrible than it ever was before. Man used to be content to slaughter his fellowmen on a single plane -- the earth's surface. Science has taught him to go down into the water and shoot up from below and to go up into the clouds and shoot down from above, thus making the battlefield three times a bloody as it was before; but science does not teach brotherly love. Science has made war so hellish that civilization was about to commit suicide; and now we are told that newly discovered instruments of destruction will make the cruelties of the late war seem trivial in comparison with the cruelties of wars that may come in the future. If civilization is to be saved from the wreckage threatened by intelligence not consecrated by love, it must be saved by the moral code of the meek and lowly Nazarene....__ __It is for the jury to determine whether this attack upon the Christian religion shall be permitted in the public schools of Tennessee by teachers employed by the state and paid out of the public treasury. This case is no longer local, the defendant ceases to play an important part. The case has assumed the proportions of a battle-royal between unbelief that attempts to speak through so-called science and the defenders of the Christian faith, speaking through the legislators of Tennessee. It is again a choice between God and Baal; it is also a renewal of the issue in Pilate's court....__ __...Your answer will be heard throughout the world; it is eagerly awaited by a praying multitude. If the law is nullified, there will be rejoicing wherever God is repudiated, the savior scoffed at and the Bible ridiculed. Every unbeliever of every kind and degree will be happy. If, on the other hand, the law is upheld and the religion of the school children protected, millions of Christians will call you blessed and, with hearts full of gratitude to God, will sing again that grand old song of triumph: "Faith of our fathers, living still, In spite of dungeon, fire and sword; O how our hearts beat high with joy, Whene'er we hear that glorious word -- Faith of our fathers -- Holy faith; We will be true to thee till death!__ __Excerpts from Bryan, William Jennings.__ //__Bryan's Last Speech: Undelivered Speech to the Jury in the Scopes Trial__//__. Oklahoma City: Sunlight Publishing Society, 1925.__ __http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/filmmore/ps_bryan.html__**
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**DOCUMENT I** http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/chidefender.JPG** = =
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=**__DOCUMENT J__**=

http://www.ssqq.com/jokes/Images/200806%20prohibition.jpg 
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<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238);"> **__DOCUMENT K** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238);"> http://www.lulac.org/images/hist6.jpg__

T - 7 I can see that you mean to say that laws were the main forms of resistance to the changes taking place in the 1920s, but there isn't much analysis or development of this statement. But I know that this question was a little bit hard to have a solid thesis on. F - 8 Documents were well-used, but kind of quickly passed by (each one). A few of the things you mentioned were the Great Depression, Volstead Act, and Immigration Act Quota. Through your essay, I can see that you have a knowledge of many things that happened during this era. A - 6 You mentioned almost all or all of the documents, but the facts were not really built upon - you didn't fully explain and analyze each mentioning of the documents. Julia's Essay: T - 9 Good thesis! :) I can definitely see where your essay is going by reading your introduction paragraph - this question is a hard one to create a thesis upon, but you did a great job with it! F - 8 You listed many facts and it's clear that you have a lot of outside information about this era - you did a good job in incorporating these other facts into your essay, and you did a good job in using the documents provided to support your ideas! A few things that you mentioned in your essay were the Temperance movement, the Scopes Trial, the KKK, Darwinism, William Jennings Bryan, and the Volstead Act. A - 8 You did a good job in explaining your documents - instead of just moving on from document to document, you mentioned a document and then built upon it.

Grace Lee What were some of the major forms of resistance to the changes taking place in the 1920s? As much as Progressivism pushed America to follow the rapidly evolving trend of the rest of the Western world, resistance of sudden movement grew among the conservatives. Such conservatives attempted to act as stop lights to bring a halt to the traffic of inventions, ideas, and immigrants flowing into the nation. However, just like how a rock in a middle of a river only temporarily succeeds in resistance against the pressure of water, major forms of resistance would be ineffective, only encouraging modernism. One of the most popular movements during the early twentieth century was lead by women who had broadened their role in society after the Great War: Prohibition. Prohibitionists believed liquor was a source of evil and fought days and nights until the eighteenth amendment, which prohibited "intoxicating beverages" was finally passed. Despite the ladies' effort to exterminate unruliness in society, Prohibition only proved to act as a toxic to the American public. (Document A) Since the eighteenth amendment greatly damaged the businesses of whiskey shop owners (Document B), these owners began "underground businesses" under the disguise of drug stores. Liquor and beer sales sky rocketed in masked areas of town showing a rising trend of arrests and seized intoxicating beverages on national statistic graphs. Such "systems of secrecy and hypocrisy" only threatened the common people even more as the drunk mixed in with the sick. (Document C) Another spur during the Roaring Twenties was the Scopes Trial. Evolutionists, much influenced by Darwin and his theory of evolution, spread their teachings into school classrooms, disturbing many of the Christian faith who refused to believe that people were evolved from monkeys instead of from clay as the Holy Bible states. (Document G) The Tennessee state legislature banned the teaching of evolution in schools further showing the animosity towards such modern ideas along with monkey caricatures of the trial and Darwin.The power of science to cure and kill as seen from medicine and war of the era, imitated that of God; evolution was only the direct insult towards the Bible which brought a crowd of people (represented by Bryan) with very religious backgrounds to their feet. (Document H) As Americans themselves were creating a social signature of their own during the 1920s, groups of immigrants from overseas were eagerly sailing across the Atlantic and Pacific in hopes of starting better lives in "the land of opportunity". Quotas of these newcomers were staggering and the number escalated by the year. (Document E) In the eyes of the conservatives, these immigrants were not friendly neighbors but opportunity thieves. They seemed to keep rolling in to take over the workplace and community, not to mention the country. Xenophobia and ethnic segregation spread across the country, ultimately influencing the passing of the National Origins Act of 1924 which greatly reduced the number of immigrants and excluded some minority groups such as the Chinese and the revival of the Klu Klux Klan. (Document K) The first period of Red Scare also occurred during the Roaring Twenties as a result of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia that seemingly endangered the position of America and its government. The double sided blade of Modernism, brought many Americans to resist against the new ideas. However, time and the backlash of resistance would later accept these once hindered ideals quickly as America enters the global stage where lagging behind only means being swallowed up by another nation.

Thesis: "However, just like how a rock in a middle of a river only temporarily succeeds in resistance against the pressure of water, major forms of resistance would be ineffective, only encouraging modernism." Good Thesis! 8/9

Facts: Good supporting facts that weren't mentioned in the DBQ info. 8

Data: Information on Temperance, Scopes Trial, and KKK. 8

Analysis: Analysis further develops idea on the topic, good analysis on Red Scare and how it affected Nativism as well as on Temperance Movement. 7/8

Good Job!

Jay Thesis: “For example, hate against immigrants started to become common with the flood of foreigners, alcohol was regarded as an unspeakable sin, and evolution was a very controversial topic.” Jay, your thesis is good, but I disagree with “unspeakable sin” since people still drank alcohol in the urban areas, the Temperance Movement was stronger in the rural areas of America. 6 Facts: Support of thesis with facts. 6 Data: Sometimes the information is a bit exaggerated, but good support of main ideas! 6/7 Analysis: Good analysis of documents, especially on Nativism and immigration! Try to connect the document to the main ideas and thesis more. 7

“Document E gives us stats on how many people immigrated to the US from where.” Try not to refer to document by their number or alphabet, use the names or authors of the document instead. I’m not sure if “heretics” is the right word to call irreligious people during this time...