David+K.+Nietzsche+B

=Friedrich Nietzsche: A 19th Century German Philosopher =

Philosophy:
-Friedrich Nietzsche was mainly pertained to the idea of Nihilism -one of the famous quotes that is said by Nietzsche that pertains to nihilism is "God is dead" -knowledge is always in a person's own view, that there are no perfect perceptions, and that knowledge from no perceptions is unimportant -denies all-inclusive perspective -all-inclusive perspective is unclear as seeing an object from every possible view at the same time -Nietzsche said that Christian morality was like slave morality -Nietzsche proved it by saying the German word for good is associated with the word "master" and bad with "slave" -He also sated that Christian beliefs changed the "attributes of mastery" in to parts such as charity, humility, and obedience to pride, autonomy, and competition -Nietzsche says that it refers to the ability of people to overcome nihilism through an instinct for growth and durability -Nietzsche states that a person who could accept life without deception or need to fall back on "slave-virtues" was a superman (as Nietzsche thinks) -Nietzsche believed that humans can be super-humans -Idea of absolute freedom -Man can be powerful -Nietzsche believed that humans have killed God -There is no exact evidence about how Nietzsche can prove this, but in his writings in "The Gay Science", it expresses the idea of how God is dead and how even God did not even exist -Nietzsche believed in eternal return, stating that the universe is keep repeating -Eternal Recurrence is in which the universe is keep
 * Nihilism**-the rejection of all religious belief and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless
 * Perspectivism**
 * Morality (Good/Evil)**
 * Will to Power/Life-Affirmation**
 * Death of God**
 * Eternal Recurrence**

Influence:
-Nietzsche read German romantic writings of Friedrich Holderin and Jean-Paul Richter -He also read David Strauss's controversial //Life of Jesus Critically Examined// -Nietzsche also read the F.A. Lange's //History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Significance// which "attracted Nietzsche's interest in its view that metaphysical speculation is an expression of poetic illusion"

Problem:
-Nietzsche wanted to solve what determined good and evil -His passion was to solve the meaning, the origin, and the value of the two ideas -"A little historical and philological schooling, together with an inborn and delicate sense regarding psychological questions, changed my problem in a very short time into that other one: under what circumstances and conditions did man invent the valuations good and evil? And what is their own specific value?"

Video
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Script
**FN: Friedrich Nietzsche** **I: Interviewer** ** Lecture Scene ** FN: God. Where is God? God is dead. We mankind have killed him. People in the world always ask the existence of God and whether we would go to heaven or not. This is not truth, it is just a small Christmas wish from a kid wanting to be in heaven. Now Darwin proved the theory of evolution in which a lot of us believe in it. Theory of evolution actually disproves Genesis. So what is the Church trying to tell us? Well I think and I prove that we can be superhumans and actually eternal recurrence is happening.  I: Hello Mr. Nietzsche, and thank you for joining us in this interview.  FN: Yes, yes, yes. It’s a pleasure for me to be sitting in this seat, so what are we here to talk about?  I: Well, we just took a video footage of one of your lectures on the existence of God, and it sounded pretty serious. So what is your philosophy?  FN: Well, I believe in many things. First I started my work from the definition of good and evil, and made a conclusion that good and evil are determined by the aristocratic view with the Church. The church believes that morality and good is about autonomy, pride, and competition, when it was supposed to be humility, charity, and obedience. As my works went on I believed and started to have a doubt on the Church, later believing in Nihilism which is the rejection of all religious belief and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless. Which I ultimately say “God is dead!”  I: Okay…So I know that these two are some of your ideas, is there any more before we move on to the next question?  FN: Well the quote “God is dead’ stated by me is also a philosophy in which I believe which is the death of God. As you might have listened to the lecture I never trust the existence of God, but I rather believe the will to power and how humans can be superhuman if people accept life without deception. I also believe in perspectivism and eternal recurrence, which are both important philosophies of mine. <span style="color: rgb(61, 199, 255);"> I: Well due to time constraints we’ll fill the listeners for more instructions, so what was the main goal you were tyring to solve? <span style="color: rgb(255, 160, 0);"> FN: I wanted to know what was good or evil and the meaning, origins, and value. Simple enough eh? <span style="color: rgb(61, 199, 255);"> I: Well, there might be any other things you wanted to solve. <span style="color: rgb(255, 160, 0);"> FN: Ugh, I don’t think I want to solve any more problems. There are so much problems in the world! <span style="color: rgb(61, 199, 255);"> I: Yes I understand, so what influenced you to research all theses philosophies and understand them and make it into your own philosophy. <span style="color: rgb(255, 160, 0);"> FN: Probably by reading works of many other writers and philosophers such as F.A. Lange’s History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Significance and also some other German romantic writings helped me in writing books and understand how the world worked. <span style="color: rgb(61, 199, 255);"> I: Thank you Mr. Nietzsche for explaining your philosophies and a bit of what influenced you! <span style="color: rgb(255, 160, 0);"> FN: No problem, and I’ve got a concert to go and watch, so I will see your.. show I assume?
 * Interview**

<span style="color: rgb(249, 6, 6);">**Sources**
The heaviest weight. - What if some day or night a demon were to steal into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: 'This life as you now live it and have lived it you will have to live once again and innumerable times again; and there will be nothing new in it, but every pain and every joy and every thought and sigh and everything unspeakably small or great in your life must return to you, all in the same succession and sequence - even this spider and this moonlight between the trees, and even this moment and I myself. The eternal hourglass of existence is turned over again and again, and you with it, speck of dust!' Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or have you once experienced a tremendous moment when you would have answered him: 'You are a god, and never have I heard anything more divine.' If this thought gained power over you, as you are it would transform and possibly crush you; the question in each and every thing, 'Do you want this again and innumerable times again?' would lie on your actions as the heaviest weight! Or how well disposed would you have to become to yourself and to life to long for nothing more fervently than for this ultimate eternal confirmation and seal?
 * 1. The Gay Science Section 341**

The Madman. Have you ever heard of the madman who on a bright morning lighted a lantern and ran to the market-place calling out unceasingly: "I seek God! I seek God!" As there were many people standing about who did not believe in God, he caused a great deal of amusement. Why? is he lost? said one. Has he strayed away like a child? said another. Or does he keep himself hidden? Is he afraid of us? Has he taken a sea voyage? Has he emigrated? - the people cried out laughingly, all in a hubbub. The insane man jumped into their midst and transfixed them with his glances. "Where is God gone?" he called out. "I mean to tell you! We have killed him, you and I! We are all his murderers! But how have we done it? How were we able to drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the whole horizon? What did we do when we loosened this earth from its sun? Whither does it now move? Whither do we move? Away from all suns? Do we not dash on unceasingly? Backwards, sideways, forwards, in all directions? Is there still an above and below? Do we not stray, as through infinite nothingness? Does not empty space breathe upon us? Has it not become colder? Does not night come on continually, darker and darker? Shall we not have to light lanterns in the morning? Do we not hear the noise of the grave-diggers who are burying God? Do we not smell the divine putrefaction? - for even Gods putrefy! God is dead! God remains dead! And we have killed him! How shall we console ourselves, the most murderous of all murderers? The holiest and the mightiest that the world has hitherto possessed, has bled to death under our knife - who will wipe the blood from us? With what water could we cleanse ourselves? What lustrums, what sacred games shall we have to devise? Is not the magnitude of this deed too great for us? Shall we not ourselves have to become Gods, merely to seem worthy of it? There never was a greater event - and on account of it, all who are born after us belong to a higher history than any history hitherto!" Here the madman was silent and looked again at his hearers; they also were silent and looked at him in surprise. At last he threw his lantern on the ground, so that it broke in pieces and was extinguished. "I come too early," e then said. "I am not yet at the right time. This prodigious event is still on its way, and is traveling - it has not yet reached men's ears. Lightning and thunder need time, the light of the stars needs time, deeds need time, even after they are done, to be seen and heard. This deed is as yet further from them than the furthest star - and yet they have done it themselves!" It is further stated that the madman made his way into different churches on the same day, and there intoned his Requiem aeternam deo. When led out and called to account, he always gave the reply: "What are these churches now, if they are not the tombs and monuments of God?"
 * 2. The Gay Science Section 125**

The guide-post which first put me on the right track was this question—what is the true etymological significance of the various symbols for the idea "good" which have been coined in the various languages? I then found that they all led back to the same evolution of the same idea—that everywhere "aristocrat," "noble" (in the social sense), is the root idea, out of which have necessarily developed "good" in the sense of "with aristocratic soul, "noble," in the sense of "with a soul of high calibre," "with a privileged soul"—a development which invariably runs parallel with that other evolution by which "vulgar," "plebeian," "low," are made to change finally into "bad." . . . From the standpoint of the Genealogy of Morals this discovery seems to be substantial: the lateness of it is to be attributed to the retarding influence exercised in the modern world by democratic prejudice in the sphere of all questions of origin. . ..
 * 3. The Genealogy of Morals 5**

<span style="color: rgb(255, 239, 71);"> **DBQ**
1. Looking at __**The Gay Science**__ Section 125, what do you think Nietzsche wanted to express with the Madman? How is his philosophy about "Death of God" related to this? 2. Nietzsche was famous for Nihilism which is the rejection of all religious belief and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless, so how does __**The Gay Science**__ Section 125 express the idea of Nihilism? 3. What does Nietzsche think of the definition of "good" and "evil" in __**The Genealogy of Morals**__ 5? 4. In __**The Gay Science**__ Section 341, what was Nietzsche talking about and what did he want to express?

=<span style="color: rgb(255, 93, 0);">Bibliography =

<span style="color: rgb(251, 4, 4);">Notes:
1. "Friedrich Nietzsche (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." __Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy__. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/#Lif184190>. 2. "Friedrich Nietzsche -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." __Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia__. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/414670/Friedrich-Nietzsche>. 3. "Friedrich Nietzsche." World History: The Modern Era. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com>. 4. "Nietzsche: His Life and Works Chapter 2." __Anthony M. Ludovici Home Page__. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://www.anthonymludovici.com/nlw_2.htm>.

<span style="color: rgb(250, 246, 15);">Primary Sources:
1. "The Nietzsche Channel: The Gay Science." Yahoo! GeoCities: Get a free web site with easy-to-use site building tools. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://www.geocities.com/thenietzschechannel/diefrohl7e.htm>. 2. "Friedrich Nietzsche." Hanover College Department of History. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111niet.html>. 3. "Nietzsche: Genealogy of Morals." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. 7 Dec. 2008 <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/%7Edee/MODERN/GENEAL.HTM>. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">