City+problems+and+machine+politics+pp.+541–550 

Conflicts with Urbanization. Do you live in an apartment? If yes, here is a possible origination.James E. Ware designed the **du****mbbell tenement.** Tenements rose to be **seven or eight stories** high, with about **30 four-room** apartments on a lot only about a little bigger than an average Korea International School classroom. Two bathrooms in one floor. (Several families shared bathrooms) Over 1.4 million people lived on Manhattan Island; Manhattan had a population density of 334,000 people per square mile. Even more dense than Seoul( 44,597/sq MI). Most people lived in basements. Cities were unclean and people dumped garbage into nearby water. Drinking water was dirty. Crime rate rose. Hayes Valley Gang in San Francisco. The Baxter Street Dudes, the Daybreak Boys, and the Alley Gang in New York. 1870-1900: suicide rate rose.

Strangers in New Land.

Many immigrants moved into the city. Between 1877 and 1890, over 6.3 million people were immigrants. By 1890, 15% of the 9 million Americans were foreign. By 1900, 4/5 of Chicago were immigrants,2/3 of Boston was foreign, and ½ of Philadelphia was foreign. Between 18180 and 1910, about 8.4 million people arrived in the United States. The NEW IMMIGRANTS were mainly Catholics or Jews rather than protestants because there were large anti-Jew and anti-Catholic movements in Europe.
 * 1) Italians 1887 because of cholera epidemic in southern Italy.
 * 2) Jews, after 1880, because of the anti-Semitic movement in Russia.

Immigrants in the City. Immigrant families mostly worked in factories. Marriage Patterns: Immigrants married among same ethnic groups that usually belonged in the same economic class. Immigrants tended to marry at a later age that of natives. Immigrants tend to have had more children than that of natives.

Immigrant associations arose. Detsch-Amerikanischer Nationalbund. The Polish National Alliance These organizations helped new immigrants on their arrival, offered insurance plans, established libraries and museums, and organized trips back to their home country.

This is a documentary from a APUSH student.

media type="youtube" key="YAqMWdlg_qA" height="344" width="425"Part 1: Documentary media type="youtube" key="3fRppVj8o7M" height="344" width="425" Part 2: Documentary

As cities grew a need for political figurehead grew. This brought out the concept of "**Bosses**." Famous bosses include J**ohn Kelly, Richard Croker, and Charles F. Murphy.** Political bosses were corrupt sometimes. Bosses weren't necessarily bad because the system reached out to the people more than the federal government. Bosses often aided immigrants.
 * Wi****lliam Tweed's Tammany Hal**l is a great example. Tweed is known as one of the most corrupt bosses.

Here is a video about Tweed. Tweed is often attributed negatively, but he did help a lot for the public. Although this video may not be the most exciting video, the information is very useful. media type="youtube" key="XBrLqmPle8g" height="344" width="425"