2009+World+History+Final+Project+D+Sangwoo

Sangwoo Song D-block
 * How did the development of computer OS affect the world, in terms of communication or convenience?

BGM - JOSEPH HAYDN media type="custom" key="3901281"**


 * Definition of Computer and basic background of computers
 * Development of OS
 * Convenience of the computer
 * Development of Communications
 * Visual arts, video, picture, etc
 * Conclusion
 * Bibliography

**__What is a computer? How did the computer develop?__** Computer was originated from the calculator. It was created for calculation, but computer started to develop to the worldwide database. Computer nowadays provides convenience in terms of communication and jobs. Graphic designing, video producing, sound recording, chatting, video calling, and etc are all examples of convenience in life. Computer is an electronic device which stores and processes data. Now computer is one of the most important machine to most people. It is often used for communication, enjoyment, and for business. Communications such as chatting, video calling, enjoyment such as computer games, and businesses such as graphic designer or data manager. Computer is used for diverse activities in people's daily life. **__What is an OS(operating system)?__** The operating system is the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as executing applications, controlling the settings, and scheduling tasks. **(mac dictionary)**

**__How is computer different from few years ago?__** As many older people already know, computers in the 1980s through the 1990s used the MS-Dos (**M**icroSoft **D**isk **O**perating **S**ystem) operating system. Although this operating system looked simple, it was hard to use. The computer was much larger than it is today. **(A History of the Information Machine 10 )**Under the MS-Dos operating system, there was no such thing as icons; all commands were ordered through text. Using a computer was very complex for most people. Nowadays computers have developed graphic interfaces, utilizing a 2-D operating system.

__**Development of OS**__ __Microsoft Windows__ Major Windows Updates
 * Microsoft Windows, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 > Microsoft Windows NT > Microsoft Windows 95 > Microsoft Windows 98 > Microsoft Windows CE > Microsoft Windows 98 SE > Microsoft Windows 2000 > Microsoft Windows Me > Microsoft Windows XP > Microsoft Windows Vista > Microsoft Windows Seven **( Computer Hope's free computer help) **

media type="custom" key="3901333" Microsoft Windows is arguably the world's most popular operating system. It was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Microsoft Windows is also one of the earliest operating systems to utilize a graphic user interface. Nowadays there are many additional applications which people can buy, but there are limited applications since most Macintosh applications cannot be used in Windows. Nonetheless, there are more Window applications than Macintosh applications. Because Windows is so widely known, there are many viruses for Windows. So Window users must always be aware of these silent and sometimes fatal viruses.  **(Discovering Computers: Fundamentals)**

__Macintosh__ Major Mac Updates
 * Mac OS X Cheetah > Mac OS X Puma > Mac OS X Jaguar > Mac OS X Panther > Mac OS X Tiger > Mac OS X Leopard > Mac OS X Snow Leopard

media type="custom" key="3901343" Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) is Windows' main competitor for operating system supremacy. Most designers prefer Mac OS for its appearance, protection of files, and design capabilities. Mac was made for education and businesses. Mac OS is rarely infected by viruses and the OS also comes with a diversity of programs such as iLife, Safari, Dashboard, iChat, Photo Booth, iTunes, and Quick Time. Some people prefer Mac OS because some applications only work under Mac OS, and Mac applications are mostly have the reputation of being luxurious and high quality. Mac computers can also run Windows by using several applications or using the Boot Camp assistant; however PCs cannot install Macintosh programs. 

__Linux__

media type="custom" key="3901349" Linux is n operating system which was created mostly for business. Linux is famous for its free and open source software collaboration. All source code could be used, freely modified, or redistributed by anyone who has free licenses. Businesses use Linux as the server where all the databases are stored. It is also famous for its protection of files.

**__How did the operating system change, that led to the convenience in using the computer?__** Basically the operating system nowadays are created to visualize all the procedures, and applications. Icon is one of the most important invention of computer. It made the computer easier to use and it was basically the start of becoming more convenient. Adobe applications, video, internet explorer, and all the application used in windows operating system started to develop very quickly. Every time when the operating system is upgraded it is often upgraded for increasing the speed of the computer.


 * __Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere__**
 * Adobe applications are usually for graphic design or creating other media. Adobe Photoshop is one of the most widely used graphic editing programs. Professional graphic designers primarily utilize Adobe applications Before when people didn't have this program, they had to create special effects by themselves. Take photography, for example. Before Adobe came on the scene, poses and camera angles had to be manipulated to create a slimming effect on models. Now photographers can slim their subjects with few simple clicks of the mouse using Adobe Photoshop. Adobe Premiere is a program that has made the lives of film editors much easier. In the old days, people had to manually create all the sound and video effects by themselves. The operating system is essential in allowing these programs to run.


 * __Mac ilife__**
 * Mac ilife is one an essential component of of Mac OS X Operating System. iLife includes imovie, iphoto, garageband and iweb. The most recent version is ilife 09 which includes many new features. Advanced mac hardware and its operating system are essential in running ilife. **(Naver Blog)** For most mac applications, the application people install is mostly like the plug-in for the main application, the operating system itself. If the new Mac operating system doesn't exist, the advanced tools may not work. Every time when a Mac application is upgraded, the speed of the computer increases. This increase of speed enables other applications to work faster and smoother. In other operating systems, Mac applications do not work. **(The Macintosh iLife 09. Berkeley 21)**


 * __Internet Explorer, Safari, FireFox__**
 * Internet Explorer, Safari, FireFox are the prominent web browsing programs. Internet Explorer is Microsoft's creation, Safari is a Mac program, and Firefox comes from the Mozilla corporation. The most widely-used browser is Internet Explorer, which incorporates "Active X", an additional plug-in for most websites. Active-X enables music and other necessary applications need to fully experience a website. Safari is mostly famous for its design and speed. Firefox is mostly famous for its plug-ins. There are a variety of plug-ins, which make Firefox very convenient and efficient. Some plug-ins include: an automatic bibliography creator, Youtube video downloader, a variety of skins, and etc.

**__How does the development of web browsers relate to the operating system, and convenience?__** So basically Internet enabled communication which also leads to the convenience in life. After the development of E-Mail (electronic mail) the percent of normal mail users decreased, but the E-mail users increased. The fact that people could send message or letter instantly in home was quite appealing to most users. E-mail was just the start to the development of the communication, and better communication.



__**Icha**t__
 * __Windows Live Messenger__**
 * Window Live Messenger is one of the earliest instant messaging programs and arguably the most popular. This messenger was abbreviated as MSN, originated from **M**icro**S**oft **N**etwork. **(Encyclopedia)** It was launched in 1995, about the time when Window 95 was introduced. Window Live Messenger could be used from most operating systems, Macintosh, Microsoft Windows, and Linux. **(Encyclopedia)** The visible 2D and 3D interface of the operating systems facilitated the development of this communication application.
 * __Facebook__**
 * Facebook is a social networking website where people chat, express their feelings, and keep in contact with their friends and family members. **(Encyclopedia)** Unlike instant messaging programs, Facebook is mostly used for passing on comments and notes other Facebook users. People can share pictures, videos, and comments, which would not have been possible had operating systems not evolved over the years.
 * __Skype__**
 * Skype is an Internet telephone and videophone program/service which can be utilized from a variety of different machines including the Playstation Portable(PSP), the Ipod Touch/Iphone, Macs, and PCs. One of the reasons why Skype is so popular is because it is free. Anyone with a Skype account can call or have video conferences with other Skype users at no charge. The development of hardware (cameras and microphones) and operating systems has allowed Skype to be created. Additional features such as Skype Out can access regular land line telephones or cell phones albeit at a low per-minute charge.**(Encyclopedia)**
 * iChat is Mac's primary communication program. Ichat is a default Mac application which allows people to chat and make video calls. **(A guide to its use in Higher Education 5**) iChat can be used all over the world. AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), Jabber, and other web-messenger accounts can be combined into one using iChat. iChat is mostly famous for its video chatting effects which include sepia, black and white, bulge, squeeze, fish eye, mirror, stretch, dent, twirl, light tunnel, and background effects.


 * __Adium__**
 * Adium is also one of the famous mac instant messenger. Unlike Ichat Adium has to be installed separately. By using Adium many messenger accounts could be used in once. Window Live Messenger, Skype, Facebook, Aim, mobile me, and other accounts could be added by installing separate plug-in for Adium. **(i use this osx software)** One of the reasons why Adium is such a huge development from the visual operating system is that using Adium, the user could change the appearance of the messenger according to the design of the desktop. Application such as Adium could only be used in the recent Mac X operating systems. As the operating system develops the application and programs installed in the current operating system also develops as well.

media type="youtube" key="nTPz9G9MoNI" height="505" width="640" This video explains the new features of Ichat. It shows how communication developed through the development of the Mac OS X. The new Ichat could share the keynote(power point presentation) and pictures while chatting, or talking. The new Ichat could also share picture as well. This Ichat could only work in the new Mac OS X Leopard, and shows how the development of the Mac Os X enabled people to create a advanced program which could become conveinant in our life. Screen sharing, video chatting, sharing videos, keynote, picture, and etc is all possible because of the new Mac OS X Leopard. It is only possible in the newest operating system.
 * __Ichat__ **



__**Communication**__

So the question was "How did the development of the operating system affect communication?" The answer is quite simple. Before Windows was created, most computers used the MS-DOS operating system. This system only gave commands using text and was able to run fewer applications than present computers. Its graphic interface was the Character User Interface **(CUI)**. In the CUI there was no such thing as icons; everything was done through text commands. Because of this reason, it was very hard to find anyone who could actually use the computer well. Only the people who could manipulate such a difficult OS could communicate using the computer. Furthermore, it was hard to develop communication application in the MS-DOS operating system.

Nowadays computers utilize the Graphic User Interface **(GUI)**. As Windows was introduced, Microsoft started to become the corporate giant it is today. The development of GUI allowed many people, even young children, to use the computer, and this enabled better communication. With the computer now easy to use, a plethora of communication software was developed making it easier to communicate than ever before. This advanced operating system also made programming easier, which led to the development of widely used programs such as Skype, AIM, and other messaging programs.

To make the conclusion easier. In the old days, communication was harder because text was the only form of communication, but as the operating system developed people had more ways to communicate using pictures, videos, sound, and etc. This eventually led to advanced communication, because using many sources such as picture, sound, text, and etc is better than just using text to communicate.

__**Convenience**__  These pictures show how Adobe Photoshop has made photo editing a simple task. With a few clicks of the mouse, a wide variety of different effects can be applied to any photograph.

__**How does the operating system relate?**__ The development of Graphic User Interface led to the development of other programs such as Adobe Photoshop.

In alphabetical Order...

__**Encyclopedia **__ __**Book **__ __**Video and Art **__ <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**__Timeline__**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">__Web Sources__ **<span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * "Apple - Mac OS X Leopard - Features - iChat." Apple. 31 May 2009 <http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/ichat.html>.
 * mlivingstone. "Adium - i use this on osx." i use this osx software: New Releases. 31 May 2009 <http://osx.iusethis.com/app/adium>.
 * Microsoft Windows History."Computer Hope's free computer help. 27 May 2009 <http://www.computerhope.com/history/windows.htm>
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Facebook definition of Facebook in the Free Online Encyclopedia.." Encyclopedia. 27 May 2009 <http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/facebook>
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"MSN definition of MSN in the Free Online Encyclopedia.."Encyclopedia. 27 May 2009 <http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/msn>
 * "Skype definition of Skype in the Free Online Encyclopedia.."Encyclopedia. 27 May 2009 <http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/skype>
 * Aspray, William, and Martin Campbell-Kelly. Computer: A History of the Information Machine (The Sloan Technology Series). Oxford: Westview Press, 2004.
 * Heid, Jim. The Macintosh iLife 09. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2009.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pogue, David. Mac OS X Leopard: The Missing Manual. Sebastopol, CA: Pogue Press, 2007.
 * Shelly, Gary B., and Misty E. Vermaat. Discovering Computers: Fundamentals, Fifth Edition (Shelly Cashman Series). Cambridge: Course Technology, 2008.
 * Vogel, Donald J.. iChat 4: A guide to its use in Higher Education.. London, UK: Createspace, 2008.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"YouTube - iChat." YouTube. 27 May 2009 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQCWoEf-kls&feature=related>
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">__Primary Source__ **<span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Mac OS X :: 네이버 블로그."Naver Blog. 27 May 2009 <http://blog.naver.com/projectxp/30048489847>. (**Translated Part:** If people ask what is the difference between the Leopard and the Tiger, I would say everything is better. Trackpad, other hardware, software, and mac is made for anyone, even a new mac user. Basically the major difference is the application. The application which didn't work in Tiger worked in Leopard. Basic Utilities were also advanced. One thing I could tell is that it is way better than the old operating system. Actually as a conclusion, the new os is quite good.)
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">" History of Linux | View timeline ." <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">__xtimeline - Explore and Create Free Timelines__ <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">. 31 May 2009 <http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/History-of-Linux>.
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">" History of Apple, Inc. | View timeline ." <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">__xtimeline - Explore and Create Free Timelines__ <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">. 31 May 2009 <http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/History-of-Apple--Inc->.<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
 * <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">" Microsoft | View timeline ." <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">__xtimeline - Explore and Create Free Timelines__ <span style="line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. 31 May 2009 <http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/Microsoft>.