AAJL's+Notes+Ch.1

• Before: o Guilds o Master craftsmen that regulated trade o Controlled trade so that only a certain standard of goods could be exported o Control was put in place because the goods were often for the wealthy o Discouraged innovation and limited entry to the trade o Monopoly on craftsmanship o In urban parts the guilds influenced all aspects • Training of Workers  At the end of training the apprentices had to make a masterpiece • Demonstrate the competence of their trade  Pay for training • Those who cannot pay are excluded o Quality of goods o Price of goods o Women were mostly excluded • Turned to embroidery (seamstresses)

• Consequence: o In the countryside Guild System was not in place o Innovation and new methods instead arose in the countryside o Majority of people at that time lived in rural areas • Farms at that time were small and relied on rudimentary equipment powered by creatures  Most farms were small and relied on rudimentary equipment, powered by creatures. • Wooden plows: Cows and other livestock • Spinning wheels: humans • Distaffs: humans • Looms to weave fabric: humans • Division of work was equal between men and women • Slavery was present  Indentured servants and serfdom • Indentured servants: worked to pay off debts for a fixed amount of time • Serfs: received payment for their work but were not free to come and go as they pleased o In the countryside the Cottage Industry arose (1350-1750) • Early Industrial Revolution • Rural households manufactured goods at home with simple tools to sell to merchants • Not influenced by guilds • Entrepreneurs that bought cottage production accumulated money because they were paying only for what was produced  Cottage production was a low cost alternative  Catered to larger scale markets • Agricultural Revolution o Agriculture was changed o In Britain occurred because landlords enclosed common land that the rural peasants had previously used • In order to farm more efficiently • Common land: land not privately owned • Parliament approved it  Peasants became deprived of land to pasture animals • The peasants found jobs as agricultural laborers in the enclosed land/city workers • Large scale farming and Industry expanded