Questions+and+Summary+1850-1900

=TIMELINE AND SUMMARY=

Taylor dies, Millard Fillmore becomes president Fugitive Slave Law Passes, wrecking havoc in the North
 * 1850**- Clay introduces Compromise of 1850

//*Clay’s Compromise -CA would be admitted as a free state -Slavery would remain in Washington, DC, but the slave trade would be prohibited -New Mexico and Utah would have no restrictions on slavery but the matter would be decided later -Fugitive Law would be enforced//

Franklin Pierre elected president Republican Party formed James Buchanan elected president Democratic Party splits into Douglas and Breckinridge wings John Bell forms Constitutional Union Party, making a four-way election Abraham Lincoln elected South Carolina seceded in December, followed by the rest of the Southern tier
 * 1852**- Uncle Tom’s Cain published in book form
 * 1853**- American Party dominates the Whigs in many Northern states
 * 1854**- Kansas-Nebraska Act passed
 * 1857**- Dred Scott Case
 * 1856**- John Brown leads attacks on farmers in “Bleeding Kansas”
 * 1858**- Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate for Illinois senate seat
 * 1859**- John Brown organizes raid on Harper’s Ferry
 * 1860**- Abraham Lincoln nominated by Republicans


 * Nations that voted for secession before Lincoln took office in March of 1861: South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas

Fort Sumter attacked Upper South secedes Southern capital moves from Montgomery, Alabama to Richmond, Virginia First Battle of Bull Run takes place
 * 1861**- Lincoln makes first inaugural address


 * In industry, merchant shipping, guns, and agriculture, the North out-produced the South by overwhelming proportions. The North had the advantage of a centralized government while the South had trouble with their believers in the state’s rights.

Second Battle of Bull Run Blacks recruited for Union army Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg take place Lincoln makes Gettysburg Address Lincoln reelected Wade-Davis Bill passed by the Congress, vetoed by Lincoln Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse Lincoln assassinated Freedman’s Bureau established Andrew Johnson assumes the presidency after Lincoln’s assassination Johnson vetoes the Civil Rights Act Tennessee readmitted to the Union Radical Republicans override Johnson’s veto
 * 1862**- Battle of Antietam
 * 1863**- Emancipation Proclamation takes effect
 * 1864**- Sherman takes Atlanta and marches to the sea
 * 1865**- 13th Amendment passed
 * 1866**- Ku Klux Klan formed
 * 1867**- Reconstruction Act passed, marking the beginning of Radical Reconstruction

//*Lincoln’s 10% Plan: designed to let states re-enter the Union if 10 percent of the state’s voters swore allegiance to the United States; intended to pardon all but the highest ranking Confederate officers
 * Johnson’s Plan and 13th Amendment: Johnson’s plan allowed states to re-enter the Union if they ratified the 13th amendment, which prohibited slavery
 * 14th amendment- made “all persons born or naturalized in the US” citizens of the country and insisted that the states guarantee all people “equal protection under the law.”
 * Carpetbaggers: derisive term for Northerners who went to the South during Reconstruction to promote reform or to profit from it
 * Scalawags: white Southerners who cooperated with the Reconstruction governments//

Ulysses Grant elected president 14th amendment ratified
 * 1868**- President Johnson impeached, he is acquitted by the Senate
 * 1870**- 15th Amendment ratified

From http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0903595.html
 * 1870 || __[|Fifteenth Amendment]__ to the Constitution is ratified, giving blacks the right to vote **(Feb. 3).** ||  ||
 * 1871 || __[|Chicago]__ fire kills 300 and leaves 90,000 people homeless **(Oct. 8–9).** ||  ||
 * 1872 || __[|Crédit Mobilier]__ scandal breaks, involving several members of Congress **(Sept.).** ||  ||
 * 1873 || Grant's second inauguration **(March 4).** ||  ||
 * 1876 || __[|Lt. Col. George A. Custer's]__ regiment is wiped out by Sioux Indians under __[|Sitting Bull]__at the Little Big Horn River, Mont. **(June 25).** || || [[image:http://www.infoplease.com/images/ushtl_sitting_bull.gif width="initial; border-color: initial; text-align: center; padding-top: 0" height="144" caption="Sitting Bull"]]Sitting Bull || ||
 * 1877 || Rutherford B. Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th president **(March 5).** The first telephone line is built from Boston to Somerville, Mass.; the following year, President Hayes has the first telephone installed in the White House. ||  ||
 * 1881 || James A. Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th president **(March 4).** He is shot **(July 2)** by Charles Guiteau in Washington, DC, and later dies from complications of his wounds in Elberon, N.J. **(Sept. 19).** Garfield's vice president, Chester Alan Arthur, succeeds him in office. ||  ||
 * 1882 || U.S. adopts __[|standard time]__ **(Nov. 18).** ||  ||
 * 1885 || Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd president **(March 4).** ||  ||
 * 1886 || __[|Statue of Liberty]__ is dedicated **(Oct. 28).** __[|American Federation of Labor]__ is organized **(Dec.).** || || [[image:http://www.infoplease.com/images/ushtl_statue_of_liberty.gif width="initial; border-color: initial; text-align: center; padding-top: 0" height="148" caption="Statue of Liberty"]]Statue of Liberty || ||
 * 1889 || Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd president **(March 4).** __[|Oklahoma]__ is opened to settlers**(April 22).** ||  ||
 * 1890 || National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded, with __[|Elizabeth Cady Stanton]__as president. __[|Sherman Antitrust Act]__is signed into law, prohibiting commercial monopolies **(July 2).** Last major battle of the__[| Indian Wars]__ occurs at __[|Wounded Knee]__ in South Dakota **(Dec. 29).** In reporting the results of the 1890 census, the Census Bureau announces that the West has been settled and the frontier is closed. ||  ||
 * 1892 || __[|Ellis Island]__ becomes chief immigration station of the U.S. **(Jan. 1).** ||  ||
 * 1893 || Grover Cleveland is inaugurated a second time, as the 24th president **(March 4).** He is the only president to serve two nonconsecutive terms. ||  ||
 * 1896 || __[|//Plessy// v. //Ferguson//]__: Landmark __[|Supreme Court decision]__ holds that racial segregation is constitutional, paving the way for the repressive Jim Crow laws in the South **(May 18).** ||  ||
 * 1897 || William McKinley is inaugurated as the 25th president **(March 4).** || || [[image:http://www.infoplease.com/images/ushtl_wmckinley.gif width="initial; border-color: initial; text-align: center; padding-top: 0" height="163" caption="William McKinley"]]William McKinley || ||
 * <span class="date" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">1898 || __[|Spanish-American War]__: __[|USS //Maine//]__ is blown up in Havana harbor **(Feb. 15),** prompting U.S. to declare war on Spain **(April 25).** Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish-American War **(Dec. 10);** Spain gives up control of Cuba, which becomes an independent republic, and cedes Puerto Rico, Guam, and (for $20 million) the Philippines to the U.S. ||  ||
 * <span class="date" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">1898 || U.S. annexes Hawaii by an act of Congress **(July 7).** ||  ||
 * <span class="date" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">1899 || U.S. acquires American Samoa by treaty with Great Britain and Germany **(Dec. 2).** ||
 * <span class="date" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">1899 || U.S. acquires American Samoa by treaty with Great Britain and Germany **(Dec. 2).** ||