Lauren+&+Youjin+(E)

Youjin Kwon Block C**

1800-1850 **   **I. Presidents ** It's bright to know and organize the facts into **Presidents **: 1. **Thomas Jefferson** (Democratic Republican) 1801-1809 -Marbury vs. Madison -Louisiana Purchase -Lewis and Clark Expedition -12th amendment -Embargo Act -Non Intercourse Act
 * Welcome to Lauren and Youjin's 1800-1850 U.S. History Review Page. It's a long journey so hold on tight!**

2. **James Madison** (Democratic Republican) 1809-1817 -Macon Act -War Hawks -War of 1812 -Hartford Convention -First Protective Tariff

3. **James Monroe** (Democratic Republican) 1817-1825 -Supreme court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshal +Darthmouth College Case +Gibbons vs. Odgen -Acquisition of Florida from Spain -Missouri Compromise -Monroe Doctrine -Sectional Tarrif

4. **John Quincy Adams** (Democratic Republican) 1825-1829 -NY Erie Canal -Tarrif of Abomination -Calhoun/ South Carolina's Nullification Crisis

5. **Andrew Jackson** (Democrat) 1829-1837 -Jacksonian Democracy -Tariffs of 1832 and 1833 -The Second Bank of the U.S. -Indian Removals -Whig Party

6. **Martin Van Buren** (Democrat) 1837-1841 -Panic of 1837 -Independent Treasury -Gag Resolution

7. **William Henry Harrison** (Whig) 1841

8. **John Tyler** (Whig) 1841-1845 -Veto of the 3rd Bank of the U.S. -Webster-Ashburton Treaty

9. **James K. Polk** (Democrat) 1845-1849 -Texas State -Mexican War -Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty -Wilmot Proviso

10. **Zachary Taylor**  ** If you don't know any of these terms, please ask us now! : ) **



II. Further Notes on the Jacksonian Era

 * 1) Nourishing the New Democracy
 * 2) The flowering the political democracy was in part caused the logical outgrowth of the egalitarian ideas that had taken root in colonial times.
 * 3) The steady growth of the market economy also nourished it.
 * 4) More and more people understood how banks, tariffs, and internal improvements affected the quality of their lives.
 * 5) The **panic of 1819** and the **Missouri Compromise of 1820** also helped it grow.
 * 6) In the panic of 1819, overextended banks had called back their debts, and often, farmers unable to pay up lost their farms while the bankers didn’t have to lose their property because they simply suspended their own payments, and the apparent favoritism caused outcry.
 * 7) The problem with Missouri had aroused Southern awareness to how the North could try to crush their slavery once and for all.
 * 8) During the Jacksonian era, voter turnout rose dramatically, as clear political parties developed and new styles of politicking emerged.
 * 9) In 1824, only ¼ of all eligible voters voted, but that numbered doubled 4 years later.
 * 10) Candidates increasingly used banners, badges, parades, barbecues, free drinks, and baby kissing in order to “get the vote.”
 * 11) Now, more members of the Electoral College were being chosen directly by the people rather than be state legislatures.
 * 12) Since secret meetings now became unpopular, presidential nominations by congressional caucus emerged predominantly.
 * 13) Briefly, nominations were made by some of the state legislatures, but by 1831, the first of the circuslike national nominating conventions were held.


 * 1) The Adams-Clay “Corrupt” Bargaining.
 * 2) In the election of 1824, there were four towering candidates: **Andrew Jackson** of Tennessee, **Henry Clay** of Kentucky, **William H. Crawford** of Georgia, and **John Q. Adams** of Mass.
 * 3) All four called themselves Republicans.
 * 4) In the results, Jackson got the most popular votes and the most electoral votes, but he failed to get the majority in the Electoral College. Adams came in second in both, while Crawford was fourth in the popular vote but third in the electoral votes. Clay was 4th in the electoral vote.
 * 5) By the **12th Amendment**, the top three Electoral vote getters would be voted upon in the House of Reps. and the majority (over 50%) would be elected president.
 * 6) Clay was eliminated, but he was the Speaker of the House, and since Crawford has recently suffered a paralytic stroke and Clay hated Jackson, he threw his support behind John Q. Adams, helping him become president.
 * 7) When Clay was appointed **Secretary of the State**, traditional stepping-stone to the presidency, Jacksonians cried foul play.
 * 8) Evidence against any possible deal has never been found, but both men flawed their reputations.


 * 1) The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations”
 * 2) In 1824, Congress had increased the general tariff from 23% to 37%, but wool manufactures still wanted higher tariffs.
 * 3) In the **Tariff of 1828**, the Jacksonians schemed to drive up duties to as high as 45% while imposing heavy tariffs on raw materials like wool, so that even New England, where it was needed, would vote the bill down and give Adams another political black eye.
 * 4) However, the New Englanders spoiled the plan and passed the law (amended).
 * 5) **Daniel Webster** and **John C. Calhoun** reversed their positions from 1816, with Webster supporting the tariff and Calhoun being against it.
 * 6) The Southerners immediately branded it as the “**Tariff of Abominations**.”
 * 7) In 1822, **Denmark Vesey**, a free Black, had led an ominous slave rebellion in Charleston.
 * 8) The South mostly complained because it was now the least expanding of the sections.
 * 9) Cotton prices were falling and land was growing scarce.


 * 1) The Tariff Yoke in the South
 * 2) Southerners sold their cotton and other products without tariffs, while the products that they bought were heavily tariffed.
 * 3) Tariffs led the U.S. to buy less British products and vice versa, but it did help the Northeast prosper so that it could be //more// of the South’s products.
 * 4) John C. Calhoun secretly wrote “**The South Carolina Exposition**” in 1828, boldly denouncing the recent tariff and calling for nullification of the tariff by all states.
 * 5) However, South Carolina was alone in this nullification threat, since Andrew Jackson had been elected two weeks earlier, and was expected to sympathize with the South.
 * 6) The Jacksonian “Revolution of 1828”
 * 7) Jackson got 647,286 popular votes to Adams’ 508,064 and he also beat John in the Electoral College, 178 to 83.
 * 8) Jackson had support from the West and South, while New England liked Adams.
 * 9) The political center of gravity was shifting west, as Jackson had won because of his support by the West (well, they played a large part in it anyway).
 * 10) Jackson sped up the process of transferring national power from the countinghouse to the farmhouse, and became the “People’s President,” not the aristocrat.
 * 11) Adams still had a distinguished political career after presidency, getting elected to the House of Reps. of Massachusetts, and when he died in 1848, his funeral was the greatest pageant Washington D.C. had ever seen, and his popularity was greater near then end of his political career

**III. Timeline of Slavery Issues**
 * 1800 || A slave, Gabriel Prosser leads slave revolt in VA ||
 * 1811 || Slave insurrection in Louisiana, Point Coupee ||
 * 1822 || Denmark Vesey conspiracy uncovered in South Carolina ||
 * 1829 || Book, //Appeal// is published which encourage slave revolt ||
 * 1830 || 1st Negro Convention ||
 * 1831 || Nat Turner's rebellion in VA, killing almost 60 whites ||
 * 1832 || VA legislature votes against gradual emancipation ||
 * 1835~1842 || Blacks fight alongside Indians in Second Seminole War ||
 * 1837 || Panic of 1837 after depression in cotton market ||
 * 1847 || Douglass publishes the North Star, antislavery newspaper ||
 * 1849 || cotton price rises and sustained boom commences ||
 * 1852 || Uncle Toms Cabin published by Harriet Beecher Stowe ||
 * 1857 || The impending Crisis of the South by Hinton R. Helper; the book is suppressed in the South ||
 * 1860 || Cotton price and production reach all time peak ||

**IV. MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE QUESTIONS** 1. What did the 1828 presidential election demonstrate?: a. that supporters of common people would have difficulty being elected. b. that the new political parties were strongly sectional in their sources of strength. c. that first-term presidents usually can be reelected. d. that New Englanders would never vote for a southerner for president.

2 The Second Bank of the United States performed all of the following functions EXCEPT?: a. receiving and paying out federal funds. b. stabilizing the money supply. c. shifting funds from the West and South to the Northeast. d. keeping a check on the loans of other banks. e. making loans to the federal government.

3. The debate between Webster and Hayne in 1830 concerned?: a.the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States. b.the nullification of federal laws. c.the extension of slavery into the territories. d.the Fugitive Slave Law.

4 Andrew Jackson's Specie Circular sought to?: a. pay off the government debts. b. replace the Bank of the United States with an independent treasury. c. end the financial panic of 1837. d. establish the free coinage of silver. e. slow down speculation in public land.

5. All of the following statements concerning equality in Jacksonian America are true EXCEPT?: a. virtually all adult white males could vote and held equal status before the law. b. in terms of wealth and access to productive resources, American society was becoming less equal. c. patterns of democratic dress created both fewer differences in appearance between wealthy and ordinary men, and greater distinctions between men and women. d. because political leaders had to appeal to an expanded electorate, campaigns became less boisterous and more focused on specific policy issues.

6 As a result of Jackson's bank policies?: a. sales of public land rose tremendously. b. banks printed new banknotes with abandon. c. the nation entered a period of speculative mania. d. all of these choices are correct.

7 . The chief weapon used by Andrew Jackson in his dispute with the National Bank was?: a. to deposit government money in state banks. b. paying government debts from tariff revenue only. c. his decision to print more paper money. d. to give unqualified support to the Tariff of 1832. e. the support of the Supreme Court in voiding the bank's charter.

8. What was the opinion of Andrew Jackson, and probably most of his contemporaries, regarding the spoils system?: a. it should be abolished, and civil service laws should be enacted. b. it was injurious to good government, but had to be retained for the good of the Democratic party. c. the frequent rotation of officeholders had a beneficial effect on the government. d. it would ultimately favor Henry Clay and the Whigs. e. it was injurious to the Democratic party, but had to be retained because of its beneficial effect on government.

9 The political purpose for proposing the Tariff of 1828 was to?: a. "get even" with the New Englanders for the Hartford Convention. b. secure the support of the shipping interests of New England by depriving manufacturers of the protection they desired. c. assure the Jacksonians of Southern support in the election of 1828. d. gain the favor of producers of such raw materials as wool, hemp, and flax. e. discredit the administration of President John Quincy Adams.

10 The Whig Party turned against President John Tyler because?: a. he was felt to be ineffective in pushing the Whig agenda through Congress. b. he spoke out in favor of the annexation of Texas. c. he opposed the entire Whig legislative program. d. he criticized Henry Clay's handling of the Nullification Crisis. e. he aggressively favored the expansion of slavery.

=explanation= 1. You should know that the election of 1828 was between Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson had a close draw in the election, but Henry and John Quincy Adams had "corrupt bargain" so John Quincy won

2. economy between South, North and West differed greatly and they did not shift funds

3. The resentment that the citizens of the southern states held towards the people of New England erupted in this debate in 1830.  when Senator Hayne of South Carolina attacked the people of New England in a speech. Senator Daniel Webster responded on the next day. This did bring the conflict between New England and the Southern States into the light, and served as a hard reminder of the resentment that many people the South felt toward the residents of New England.

4. Species Circular or coinage act was a reaction to the growing concerns about excessive speculations of land after the Indian removal, which was mostly done with soft money. The government law already demanded that land purchases be completed with species or paper notes from specie-backed banks

5. If you read the book about Andrew Jackson, you read that after his inauguration, there was large and boisterous party and political election became more like a party you see today.

6. His policies brought the Panic of 1837 because sales of public land rose tremendously, banks printed new banknotes with abandon(inflation), and large speculative. This occured when Martin Van Buren took office.

7. you should know that he had a bank war with Biddles. He disposed all federal money into his little states banks. Jackson thought that BUS had too much power.

8. Jackson was probably the most respected during his presidency. The frequent rotation of officeholders had a beneficial effect on the government.

9. Jackson tried to discredit the administration of President John Quincy Adams by appealing to Southern voters

10. Taylor opposed the entire Whig legislative program.
 * B
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<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255, 0, 98);">**V. Practice FRQ and DBQ**
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 98);">come forward to take a look at the frq and the dbq!

Now let's play the quiz game! **