Julia,+Dabin+&+Jennifer

=1 9 5 0 - P r e s e n t =
 * Multiple Choice**

1. What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine? A) elimination of communism B) implementation of the "Domino Theory" C) Containment of communism D) Reconstruction of the Western Europe E) assistance to British colonies in Africa

2. All of the following influenced the hippies of the 1960s EXCEPT: A) Gregory Corso's poetry B) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring C) Timothy Leary's ideas on drugs D) Allen Ginsberg's poetry and ideas E) Phyllis Schlafly's ideas on women

3. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was defeated because A) Congress did not pass it B) it was held to be unconstitutional C) not enough state legislature passed it D) Betty Friedan detested it E) Richard Nixon vetoed it

4. The Soviet Union responsded to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) by A) forming the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization B) formin the Warsaw Pact C) forming the Central Treaty organization D) joining the Alliance for Progress E) sending advisors to the Organization of American States

5. Which of the Amendments was used by the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board of Education case? A) 14th B) 19th C) 15th D) 1st E) 2nd

6. Which of the following provides medical assistance to the elderly? A) Medicaid B) the Alliance for Progress C) Social Security D) Medicare E) no governmental help: one should pay for oneself

7. The Great Depression was cured by A) New Deal B) Hoover's public works projects C) supply side economy D) World War II E) increased productivity

8. Which of the following was a result of George H. W. Bush's reversal of his pledge not to raise taxes? A) the country went into severe recession B) H. W. Bush was impeached for perjury C) Stagflation became the main problem of 1990's. D) H. W. Bush lost the support of the core Republican loyalists. E) H. W. Bush gained the support of the core Republcian loyalists.

9. Ronald Reagan was a presidentail candidate who A) argued for active intervention of government in the US economy B) emphasized his status as Washington outsider C) promised de facto integration D) pardoned Nixon E) attacked big businesses


 * FRQ: What significant social, political, and economic challenges will the United States face through the next half-century?**

The graying of America Social security Health care Welfare Immigration Minority-majority Equal pay for equal work Gay rights Religious rights Global terrorism Homeland security Nuclear threats from rogue nations Global debt Environmental protection Depletion of fossil fuels The most important political, social and economical challenges that the United States will face in the coming half century will all stem from one key issue—oil. As the population of the world swells, global demand for oil will grow as well. If global production cannot keep up with global demand, then the entire world will be faced with massive shortages, price increases, and the possibility of another world war. The Untied States, the largest consumer of oil in the world, will be hardest hit by any fluctuations in the supply of oil.
 * Study list:**
 * Sample FRQ Response:**

Current global production of refined oil is not meeting demand, Americans see proof of this at gas stations across the country. The rise in cost is not due to a dwindling oil supply instead it is caused in part by the emerging need for refined oil in China, which is stressing global refining capacity. High prices now show what happens when the global market cannot keep up with global demand. Though oil industry experts cannot agree on when the world’s oil reserves will be exhausted, they all agree on one thing—that it will happen. As the oil supply dwindles, it will no longer be enough for the huge US economy. At first prices will rise, like what is happening now. But prices will not level off after a temporary adjustment period, as they are predicted to after the current price increase. They will keep rising, first handicapping the mass population, then small businesses, and finally large businesses. Our economy, which has come to rely on cheap and abundant fuel, will suddenly have neither. This is what happened during the gas crisis of 1973, OPEC intentionally cut only world oil production. The result of the gas crisis was a year long recession for much damage to the US economy back then, what will happen to the future economy when production can no longer support the demand?

The lack of oil will change the political sphere of the United States as well. Because oil is of paramount importance to the economy, it has the potential to become a significant issue in political campaigns. As the supply decreases, differing opinions will emerge on what to do about the coming crisis. Politicians will align themselves with philosophies that range from extreme conservation to threatening war on other oil-rich countries, Already, US foreign policy is geared toward placating powerful oil-producing countries and subjugating less powerful ones. Just look at US relations with Saudi Arabia, a country with a dubious, but conveniently overlooked, human rights record, and Iraq, a country that has been literally recreated by a US occupation following a pre-emptive war with an equally dubious justification.

Oil will also affect American society. Oil is used for a lot more things than gasoline. Oil is a key ingredient in such widely used materials as plastics, pesticides, fertilizers, lubricants, and many other chemicals. If the supply of oil were to evaporate, not only would the American consumer not be able to fill up the gas tank of his car, e would have a car with a significantly smaller amount of plastic (a larger component of a modern car than is obvious to the naked eye), and his car would need to run on synthetic lubricant. Alternatives to petroleum products already exist, but the demand for such products will increase exponentially once oil becomes a rarity. Americans will have to rethink their daily lives. They will need to use more public transportation in a country that has been developed around the family car since the era of Henry Ford. People who live in colder areas will need to find a way to heat their homes without oil or gas. And because there doesn’t seem to be a quick and easy replacement for oil in a world that depends on it, the cost of available energy from other sources will be far beyond the average consumer’s reach, ccreating a whole new societal class, te non-mobile, educated workforce.

Though the loss of oil is only one challenge that the United States will face in the coming 50 years, it is the linchpin of our society and its absence will have devastating effects on our way of life politically, culturally, and especially economically.


 * DBQ

2001: What were the Cold War fears of the American people in the aftermath of the Second World War? How successfully did the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower address these fears?

Document A **


 * Document B

Document C**

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 * Document D

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 * Document E

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 * Document F

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 * Document G


 * Document H

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 * Document I**

**Timeline 1950 - Present:**
1950s 1950 - Senator [|Joseph McCarthy] gains power, and [|McCarthyism] (1950-1954 - begins 1950 - [|McCarran Internal Security Act] 1950 - [|Korean War] begins 1950 - National Security Council Memo 68 1951 - [|22nd Amendment] 1951 - [|Mutual Security Act] 1951 - General [|Douglas MacArthur] fired by Truman for comments about using nuclear weapons on China 1952 - [|ANZUS Treaty] enters into force 1952 - [|Immigration and Nationality Act] 1952 - [|United States presidential election, 1952] 1953 - [|Dwight D. Eisenhower] becomes President 1953 - [|Rosenbergs] executed 1953 - Armistice in [|Korea] 1953 - [|Shah of Iran] returns to power in [|CIA] -orchestrated coup known as [|Operation Ajax] 1954 - Joseph McCarthy discredited in [|Army-McCarthy hearings] 1954 - The [|CIA] organises the overthrow of [|Guatemala] 's democratically elected president [|Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán] ( [|Operation PBSUCCESS] ) 1954 - [|Saint Lawrence Seaway Act] 1954 - [|Baghdad Pact] 1954 - [|Brown v. Board of Education] 1954 - [|SEATO] alliance 1954 - [|Fall of Dien Bien Phu] ; End of French rule in [|Indochina] 1954 - [|Geneva Conference (1954)] 1954 - The [|People's Republic of China] lays siege on [|Quemoy] and [|Matsu Islands] ; Eisenhower sends in navy 1955 - [|Rosa Parks] incites [|Montgomery Bus Boycott] 1955 - [|AFL] and [|CIO] merge in America's largest [|labor union] 1955 - [|Warsaw Pact] 1955 - [|Jonas Salk] develops [|polio vaccine] 1956 - [|Interstate Highway] Act 1956 - US refuses to support the [|Hungarian Revolution] 1956 - [|United States presidential election, 1956] 1957 - [|Eisenhower Doctrine] 1957 - [|Civil Rights Act of 1957] 1957 - Soviets launch [|Sputnik] ; " [|space race] " begins 1957 - First nuclear power plant goes into service 1957 - [|Little Rock, Arkansas] school desegregation 1958 - [|National Defense Education Act] 1958 - [|NASA] formed 1958 - The integrated circuit created 1959 - [|Cuban Revolution] 1959 - [|Landrum-Griffin Act] 1959 - [|Alaska] and [|Hawaii] become states

1960s 1960 - [|U-2 incident] 1960 - Greensboro sit-in 1960 - [|Civil Rights Act of 1960] 1960 - [|National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam] formed 1960 - [|United States presidential election, 1960] 1961 - US breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba 1961 - Eisenhower gives celebrated " [|Military-industrial complex] " farewell address 1961 - [|John F. Kennedy] becomes President 1961 - [|23rd Amendment] 1961 - [|Peace Corps] 1961 - [|Alliance for Progress] 1961 - [|Bay of Pigs Invasion] 1961 - [|Alan Shepard] pilots the [|Freedom 7] capsule to become the first American in space 1961 - [|Trade embargo on Cuba] 1961 - [|Berlin Crisis] 1961 - [|Vietnam War] officially begins with 900 military advisors landing in [|Saigon] 1961 - [|OPEC] formed 1962 - [|Trade Expansion Act] 1962 - [|John Glenn] orbits the Earth, becoming the first American to do so 1962 - [|Cuban Missile Crisis] 1962 - [|Baker v. Carr] 1962 - [|Engel v. Vitale] 1962 - [|Students for a Democratic Society] (SDS) Kennedy's motorcade on November 22, 1963 1963 - [|John F. Kennedy] assassinated 1963 - [|Lyndon Johnson] becomes President 1963 - [|Atomic Test Ban Treaty] 1963 - [|March on Washington] ; [|Martin Luther King, Jr.] " [|I have a dream] " speech 1963 - [|The Feminine Mystique] published 1964 - [|Tonkin Gulf incident] ; [|Gulf of Tonkin Resolution] 1964 - [|24th Amendment] 1964 - [|Great Society] proposed 1964 - [|Economic Opportunity Act] 1964 - [|Civil Rights Act of 1964] 1964 - [|Full Employment Act] 1964 - [|Panama Canal Zone] riots 1964 - [|United States presidential election, 1964] 1965 - [|Immigration Act of 1965] 1965 - [|Voting Rights Act] 1965 - [|Medicaid] and [|Medicare] enacted 1965 - Higher Education Act - Federal Scholarships 1965 - [|Watts Riot] ; [|Detroit race riot] ; " [|long hot summer] " 1966 - [|Department of Housing and Urban Development] (HUD) established 1966 - [|Department of Transportation] created 1966 - [|National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act] 1966 - [|Miranda v. Arizona] establishes "Miranda rights" 1966 - [|Feminist] group [|National Organization for Women] (NOW) formed 1967 - [|25th Amendment] 1967 - [|American Samoa] becomes [|self-governing] under new [|constitution] 1968 - [|Martin Luther King Jr.] assassinated 1968 - Presidential candidate [|Robert F. Kennedy] assassinated 1968 - The [|National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam] launches the [|Tet Offensive] 1968 - [|Civil Rights Act of 1968] 1968 - U.S. signs [|Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty] 1968 - [|United States presidential election, 1968] 1969 - [|Richard Nixon] becomes President 1969 - " [|Vietnamization] " begins 1969 - [|Stonewall riots] 1969 - [|Neil Armstrong] walks on the [|moon], Earth's only [|natural satellite] 1969 - [|Warren E. Burger] appointed [|Chief Justice of the United States] to replace [|Earl Warren] 1969 - U.S. bombs North Vietnamese positions in [|Cambodia] and [|Laos] **1970s** 1970 - [|Kent State shootings] 1970 - [|Environmental Protection Agency] created 1971 - [|26th Amendment] ratified 1972 - [|President Nixon] goes to China 1972 - [|Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty] with [|USSR] 1972 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1972] (including [|Watergate] burglary, [|Richard Nixon] re-elected) 1972 - [|Apollo 17] flies to the Moon, the last manned mission there for many decades 1973 - Vietnam Peace Treaty. Troops and POWs return home. 1973 - [|Roe v. Wade] [|Supreme Court] ruling over-turns state laws against [|abortion] 1973 - The celebrated Senate Watergate hearings, highlighted by [|Fred Thompson] 's discovery of Nixon's secret tapes. 1973 - [|Skylab], [|USA] 's first [|space station] launched 1973 - Vice President [|Spiro T. Agnew] resigns in disgrace as part of a plea bargin 1973 - Congressman [|Gerald R. Ford] of [|Michigan] becomes the first person to be appointed Vice President under the 25th Amendment to the constitution 1973 - In a single day, [|President Nixon] fires three Attorneys General over disposition of the secret tapes and the actions of the Special Prosecuter. 1974 - The [|House Judiciary Committee] votes to impeach the President 1974 - [|Richard Nixon] resigns Presidency over [|Watergate] 1974 - [|Gerald R. Ford] becomes President (by [|succession] rather than [|election] ) 1974 - [|Nelson A Rockefeller] of [|New York] becomes the second person to be appointed Vice President under the 25th Amendment to the constitution 1974 - Ford Pardons Nixon 1975 - [|Fall of Saigon] 1976 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1976] 1977 - [|Jimmy Carter] becomes President 1978 - [|Humphrey Hawkins Full Employment Act] 1978 - [|Camp David Accords (1978)] 1979 - [|Three Mile Island] nuclear accident 1979 - [|Iran hostage crisis] begins

[ [|edit] ] **1980s** President Reagan was the face of the United States during the 1980s 1980 - [|Refugee Act] 1980 - [|Mount St. Helens] eruption in [|Washington] kills 57 (see [|1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens] ) 1980 - [|U.S.] boycotts [|Summer Olympics] in [|Moscow] to protest [|1979] [|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan] 1980 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1980] 1980 - [|John Lennon Assassination] 1981 - [|Ronald Reagan] becomes President ( [|Iran] releases hostages) 1981 - Attempted [|assassination] of [|Ronald Reagan] by [|John Hinckley] 1981 - [|Kemp-Roth Tax Cut] 1983 - 241 [|U.S. Marines] killed by suicide bomb in [|Lebanon] 1983 - [|United States] invades [|Grenada] 1984 - Most of [|Eastern Block] boycotts [|Summer Olympics] in [|Los Angeles] 1984 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1984] ( [|Ronald Reagan] is re-elected) 1985 - [|Bernhard Goetz] is indicted on charges of attempted [|murder] 1986 - [|Iran-Contra] scandal breaks 1986 - [|Space Shuttle //Challenger//] accident 1986 - [|Tax Reform Act of 1986] 1986 - [|Gramm Rudman Hollings Balanced Budget Act] 1986 - [|Marshall Islands] become independent 1987 - [|Dow Jones Industrial Average] falls 22.6% in single session on [|Black Monday] 1987 - [|Dennis Conner] onboard "Stars & Stripes" returns the [|America's Cup] to America. 1988 - [|//Discovery//] launched as first post- [|//Challenger//] space shuttle flight 1988 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1988] 1988 - [|Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty] went into effect. 1989 - [|George H. W. Bush] becomes President. 1989 - [|Exxon Valdez oil spill] in [|Alaska] 's [|Prince William Sound] 1989 - [|Loma Prieta earthquake] kills 63 in greater [|San Francisco Bay Area] 1989 - [|Berlin Wall] falls in Germany 1990s 1990 - [|Hubble Space Telescope] placed in [|orbit] 1990 - [|Iraq] invades [|Kuwait] leading to the [|Gulf War]. 1991 - The [|Gulf War] ends in the Middle East.and Iraqi government declares surrender. 1991 - [|Oakland Firestorm of 1991] kills 25 and destroys 3,469 homes and apartments. 1993 - [|Bill Clinton] becomes the 42nd President of the United States. 1993 - [|Branch Davidians] standoff and fire in [|Waco, Texas]. 1994 - [|North American Free Trade Agreement] goes into effect. 1994 - [|1994 Northridge earthquake] kills 57 in the [|Los Angeles, California] area. 1995 - [|Oklahoma City bombing] kills 168 and wounds 800. 1995 - Following the 1994 elections, [|Republicans] gain control of both the [|House] and [|Senate] for the first time since 1955. 1996 - [|TWA Flight 800] explodes off [|Long Island] killing all 230 aboard. 1996 - [|Khobar Towers bombing] leaves 19 U.S. servicemen dead in [|Saudi Arabia] 1996 - [|Indy Racing League] is split off from [|CART] 1996 - [|Centennial Olympic Park bombing] at [|Summer Olympics] in [|Atlanta] kills 1 and injures 111 1996 - [|U.S. presidential election, 1996] ( [|Bill Clinton] is re-elected) 1997 - [|President Clinton] bars federal funding for any research on [|human cloning]. 1998 - 224 killed in [|1998 U.S. embassy bombings] in [|Tanzania] and [|Kenya] 1999 - [|EgyptAir Flight 990] crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 216 on board. 1999 - [|Columbine High School shooting] in Littleton, Colorado 1999 - [|President Clinton] is acquitted in an [|impeachment] trial by [|U.S. Senate] **2000s** 2000 - [|USS //Cole//][| bombing] in [|Yemen] 2000 - [|U.S. presidential election, 2000] ; [|George W. Bush] wins by 537 votes in [|Florida] in contested election, becomes 43rd President of the United States. 2001 - [|Democrats] gain narrow control of [|Senate] after [|James Jeffords] defects from the [|Republican Party]. 2001 - [|September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks] on the [|World Trade Center], [|The Pentagon] , and a field in [|Shanksville, Pennsylvania]. 2001 - [|Invasion of Afghanistan] Operation "Enduring Freedom" 2002 - [|Department of Homeland Security] created. 2002 - U.S. withdraws from [|Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty]. 2003 - [|Republicans] retake narrow control of the [|Senate] following 2002 elections. 2003 - [|Space Shuttle //Columbia//][| disaster] 2003 - [|Invasion of Iraq] Operation "Iraqi Freedom" commences. 2004 - [|Occupation of Iraq, 2003-2004] 2004 - The [|2004 Atlantic hurricane season] had numerous unusual occurrences impacting U.S. properties 2004 - [|U.S. presidential election, 2004] ( [|George W. Bush] is re-elected). 2004 - [|Republicans] solidify control in both houses of Congress. 2005 - The [|2005 Atlantic hurricane season] takes its toll in the Southeast, most notably, [|Hurricane Katrina] became the costliest hurricane of all time. 2006 - [|Democrats] retake control of both houses of Congress, and gain a majority of state governorships (28-22). 2007 - [|Virginia Tech massacre] 2007 - [|Recession] officially begins in December. 2008 - On 27 August, [|Barack Obama] became the first American of African descent to be nominated by a major party to run for the office of the President of the United States. 2008 - [|U.S. presidential election, 2008] - [|Barack Obama] is elected as president. [|Joe Biden] is elected as Vice President. 2009 - Barack Obama is inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States. 2009 - President Barack Obama passes the $727 billion stimulus package, the largest since President Dwight D. Eisenhower. 2009 - A routine traffic stop in Oakland, CA lead to the deaths of four police officers and a citywide manhunt for Lovell Mixon, ending with a shootout and his subsequent death. 2009 - A Vietnamese immigrant murders 13 people at an immigration office near New York City, before committing suicide. 2009 - A U.S. merchant ship captain captured by Somali pirates

= =  D-7**
 * Study Hard!!!