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**During the 1920s, the United States of America had experienced great economical changes. Describe what changes they were and reflect upon the policies or strategies the American government had to control the fluctuation in U.S. economics. Furthermore, explain the influence the government had on the economy using the following documents.** Document A.
 * Question:
 * Advertisement poster of the Ford Model T, in French**

Document B. President Warren G Harding 4 March 1921 ** ".......A regret for the mistakes of yesterday must not, however, blind us to the tasks of today. War never left such an aftermath. There has been staggering loss of life and measureless wastage of materials. Nations are still groping for return to stable ways. Discouraging indebtedness confronts us like all the war-torn nations, and these obligations must be provided for. No civilization can survive repudiation.We can reduce the abnormal expenditures, and we will. We can strike at war taxation, and we must. We must face the grim necessity, with full knowledge that the task is to be solved........Our most dangerous tendency is to expect too much of government, and at the same time do for it too little. We contemplate the immediate task of putting our public household in order. We need a rigid and yet sane economy, combined with fiscal justice, and it must be attended by individual prudence and thrift, which are so essential to this trying hour and reassuring for the future.The business world reflects the disturbance of war's reaction................My most reverent prayer for America is for industrial peace, with its rewards, widely and generally distributed, amid the inspirations of equal opportunity. No one justly may deny the equality of opportunity which made us what we are. We have mistaken unpreparedness to embrace it to be a challenge of the reality, and due concern for making all citizens fit for participation will give added strength of citizenship and magnify our achievement. ...... Today, as never before, when peoples are seeking trade restoration and expansion, we must adjust our tariffs to the new order. We seek participation in the world's exchanges, because therein lies our way to widened influence and the triumphs of peace. .............Opportunity is calling not alone for the restoration, but for a new era in production, transportation and trade. "
 * Inaugural Address of

Document C.
 * Chart from a recent money monitor by GregWeldon**

Document D.
 * Image of Homestead Steel**

Document E. " They cannot be separated. Our country has resources sufficient to provide in abundance for everybody. But it cannot confer a disproportionate share upon anybody. There is work here to keep amply employed every dollar of capital and every hand of honest toil, but there is no place for profiteering, either in high prices or in low, by the organized greed of money or of men. The most pressing requirement of the present day is that we should learn this lesson and be content with a fair share, whether it be the returns from invested capital or the rewards of toil. On that foundation there is a guarantee of continued prosperity, of stable economic conditions, of harmonious social relationships, and of sound and enduring government .............................Another necessity of the utmost urgency in this day, a necessity which is worldwide, is economy in government expenditures. This may seem the antithesis of military preparation, but, as a matter of fact, our present great debt is due, in a considerable extent, to creating our last military establishment under the condition of war haste and war prices, which added enormously to its cost. There is no end of the things which the government could do, seemingly, in the way of public welfare, if it had the money. Everything we want cannot be had at once. It must be earned by toilsome labor. There is a very decided limit to the amount which can be raised by taxation without ruinously affecting the people of the country by virtual confiscation of a part of their past savings. The business of the country, as a whole, is transacted on a small margin of profit. The economic structure is one of great delicacy and sensitiveness. When taxes become too burdensome, either the price of commodities has to be raised to a point at which consumption is so diminished as greatly to curtail production, or so much of the returns from industry is required by the government that production becomes unprofitable and ceases for that reason. In either case there is depression, lack of employment, idleness of investment and of wage earner, with the long line of attendant want and suffering on the part of the people. After order and liberty, economy is one of the highest essentials of a free government. It was in no small degree the unendurable burden of taxation which drove Europe into the Great War. Economy is always a guarantee of peace."
 * //Destiny of America// Speech by President Calvin Coolidge**

Document F. //**Rugged Individualism**// **Speech by President Hoover** "This campaign now draws near to a close. The platforms of the two parties defining principles and offering solutions of various national problems have been presented and are being earnestly considered by our people...... First of all, let me deal with the material side. I do this because upon the well-being, comfort and security of the American home do we build up the moral and spiritual virtues as well as the finer flowers of civilization and the wider satisfactions of life.........................I regret, however, to say that there has been revived in this campaign a proposal which would be a long step to the abandonment of our American system, to turn to the idea of government in business. Because we are faced with difficulty and doubt over certain national problems which we are faced -- that is prohibition, farm relief and electrical power -- our opponents propose that we must to some degree thrust government into these businesses and in effect adopt state socialism as a solution.There is, therefore submitted to the American people the question -- Shall we depart from the American system and start upon a new road. And I wish to emphasize this question on this occasion. I wish to make clear my position on the principles involved for they go to the very roots of American life in every act of our Government. I should like to state to you the effect of the extension of government into business upon our system of self government and our economic system. But even more important is the effect upon the average man. That is the effect on the very basis of liberty and freedom not only to those left outside the fold of expanded bureaucracy but to those embraced within it.When the Federal Government undertakes a business, the state governments are at once deprived of control and taxation of that business; when the state government undertakes a business it at once deprived the municipalities of taxation and control of that business. Business requires centralization; self government requires decentralization. Our government to succeed in business must become in effect a despotism. There is thus at once an insidious destruction of self government...............And yet if we would preserve government by the people we must preserve the authority of our legislators over the activities of our Government. We have trouble enough with log rolling in legislative bodies today. It originates naturally from desires of citizens to advance their particular section or to secure some necessary service. It would be multiplied a thousand-fold were the Federal and state governments in these businesses. The effect upon our economic progress would be even worse. Business progressiveness is dependent on competition. New methods and new ideas are the outgrowth of the spirit of adventure of individual initiative and of individual enterprise. Without adventure there is no progress. No government administration can rightly speculate and take risks with taxpayers' money. But even more important than this -- leadership in business must be through the sheer rise of ability and character. That rise can take place only in the free atmosphere of competition. Competition is closed by bureaucracy. Certainly political choice is a feeble basis for choice of leaders to conduct a business."

Document G
 * American policies toward Immigrants** (http://www.johndclare.net/images/ImmigrationQuota1921.JPG)



Document H http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Smiley.1920s.final

DBQ done by Joon Lee

The “Roaring Twenties” is characterized by rapid economic growth. According to Document H, the United States’ GNP rose from 4500 per capita in 1921 to 5700 per capita in 1929. Growth was able to happen due to the fast recovering from World War I, as Harding called it “return to normalcy.” The United States’ rapid growth attributes to regulation of the economy by the government, strong industrialization, and equal economic opportunity. The government took control of the economy during 1920s. One way it did was cutting taxes in favor of the people. Revenue Act of 1921 cut income taxes. As Calvin Coolidge stated in his Destiny of America Speech, (Doc E) “The economic structure is one of great delicacy and sensitiveness. When taxes become too burdensome, either the price of commodities has to be raised to a point at which consumption is so diminished as greatly to curtail production, or so much of the returns from industry is required by the government that production becomes unprofitable and ceases for that reason.” Coolidge emphasizes the negative impact of high taxes on the economy. Strong Industrialization was crucial to the growth of the economy. During the roaring twenties, with the development of the Assembly Line, the United States’ industry became much more efficient and was able to mass-produce. Mass production strengthened the economy because American products were exported overseas. As seen through the Advertisement poster of the Ford Model T, in French(Doc A), the Model T was exported to France. This shows that the Model T was not only a domestically popular product, but it was also a popular product in foreign countries. The United States was characterized by equal economic opportunity at this time. Calvin Coolidge underscored the characterization through his Destiny of America Speech (Doc. E) “They cannot be separated. Our country has resources sufficient to provide in abundance for everybody. But it cannot confer a disproportionate share upon anybody. There is work here to keep amply employed every dollar of capital and every hand of honest toil.” The equal opportunity is also shown through the stricter immigration policies. As illustrated in Document G, the United States only let 3% of the immigrants in to provide equal opportunity to people already native to the United States. The 1920s is one of the best times in United States’ history due to the rapid economic growth and prosperity that it had. Regulation of the economy by the government, strong industrialization, and equal economic opportunity is why the Roaring Twenties is considered a golden age in United States history.

Evaluation : Good use of facts and documents, could have a little bit more of analysis of the topic. (I personally don't like it when the document is used in the intro.) Try to make your intro more attractive and clear. Your essay is very organized in general, so that it could be easy for the readers to understand, good job. Your writing could be improved by portraying more sophisticated ideas and thoughts. Was sort of a list of facts. Score: Analysis-6

DBQ by Da Bin Lee

The Roaring Twenties marked the beginning of a new era for the United States. Women finally obtained their suffrage, the waves of Jazz flooded the US culture, and the economy encountered significant changes as well. In the 1920's, the time known for its great economic success, the Republican party enjoyed consecutive victories in the White House. With the three Republican presidents and their pro-big business policies, industries experienced rapid growth, mass productions were introduced, and the nation tasted general economic prosperity.

In the late 1910's and early 1920's, a short "after-war economic recession" took place in the United States. In order to recharge the power to recover from such economic downturn, the President Warren G. Harding demonstrated his strong will to emphasize the development of transportation for lucrative trading(doc B). His belief was that the process of smooth and unceasing exchanges of production would boost up the economy. The next Republican president, Calvin Coolidge, was a definite supporter of big industries. In his speech, Destiny of America, Cooldige revealed his inclination toward the businesses(doc E). He sought to bring economic success to the nation by providing hospitable conditions for industries to continue their productions and keep the overall economy constantly flowing. With typical Republican stance, Coolidge thought that taxes on industries would conclude curtail in production, therefore levying light taxation on businesses. His famous quote, "the business of this nation is business" clearly shows his pro-business nature. Another Republican president, Hoover, believed in small businesses and preferred the capitalistic approaches. As a self-made man himself, Hoover openly advocated for rugged individualism, arguing that any hard working individual can achieve success without government's assistance(doc F). These three presidents all emphasized little government intervention in the economy and attempted to promote the nation's businesses' prosperity.

With the government's support, the industries of the United States indeed flourished. Starting with the first affordable automobile Model T, the era of mass production began throughout the nation (doc A). Mass production allowed easier and cheaper access to many goods, which led to an economic shift toward consumerism. The rise of industry and rapid development of transportation during the era were visible through the shape of urban cities. Factories and improved bridges were apparent evidence (doc D). Such changes altered basic life trend of the nation and at the same time brought general economic prosperity. As the economy of the nation flourished, the dollar's relative value grew during the decade (doc C). The purchasing power of dollar went down in the early twenties due to temporal economic recession after the World War 1, yet it went up by the mid twenties as a result of prospering industries and growing consumerism. Moreover, the total Growth National Product of the United States experienced visible growth during the 1920's, once again assuring the economic strength of the country within the time period (doc H).

The rise of consumer-based economy and industrial prosperity were able to taste a great degree of success due to the Republican platform of encouraging big businesses' active roles in the nation's economy. Mass production and developed transportation played significant roles in assisting such economic rises.

Evaluation: Your thesis is very clear and your intro shows that you have in-depth information of this particular topic. You used each document in variety and very appropriately to state your ideas in an effective manner. Data is succinct and condense. You should work on your conclusions a little bit more and pay some more intention to lenght of each paragraph (the paragraphs are getting shorter as the essay goes on). Make the conclusion more stronger so that your thesis would stand out. Score:8/7/6/7

DBQ by Jerry Lee

United States went through great changes during the 1920s. With many new inventions, United States’ economy reached the peak. Before the Great depression of 1929 that devastated U.S economy, United States enjoyed a firm affluent life. Document H shows a graph that shows U.S GNP was consistently increasing until 1929. Such being the fact, United States became known as the land of opportunity. More and more immigrant came to United States to obtain that opportunity, which created stricter immigrant rules. United States in 1920s, had a significant economic development as well as a stricter regulations upon the immigrants. Blacks and women often worked together to both reform women’s rights and equality. Despite such complex settings, United States experienced one of the greatest economical life during this era.

New inventions were heating up American economy. Invention such as automobile was the highlight of the era. As document A advertises Model T, one can notice that it is not in English but in French. The invention was famous and successful enough to be sold in foreign countries as well. Model T was not the only successful development; however, homestead steel also was a major cause for U.S development. It is easily noticeable in document D, the whole city is covered with homestead steel. Unfortunately, there was a great consequence due to such development. As U.S reached the peak in economy, more and more people sought for this place called “land of opportunity”. Immigrants had to become strictly regulated. Document G clearly shows how immigrants, during this heated era, were treated. Number of people waiting in the entrance to the land of opportunity was massive; however, those who were able to pass through that entrance were very scarce. The situation was too critical that Hoover gave a cold speech about individualism. Document F specifically quotes “Competition is closed by bureaucracy. Certainly political choice is a feeble basis for choice of leaders to conduct a business” Hoover regulated the massive number of immigrants to secure native citizen’s jobs. This era was quite impressive in development, but as much as loud when it came to politics.

Inventions such as Model T, and development such as homestead steel raised U.S economy to the very top. To keep such period firm and stable and long lasting, U.S government placed strict regulations on immigrants. "Economy is always a guarantee of peace" by Coolidge (Doc. E) expresses the full definition of what it would be like during this era.