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=Tanzania =

The coast of Tanzania is a narrow lowland plain in the north and south that expands somewhat in the center of the country. The islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, Mafia, Chumbe, and Unguja sit in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coastline, and a coral [|reef] protects the mainland coast and rings each of these islands. From the coastal plains, the terrain slopes upward into high mountains in the north and northeast, including the towering Mount Kilimanjaro—which at 19,340 feet is the highest peak in all of Africa. The world's largest [|volcanic] caldera, the Ngorogoro Crater, lies here, as does the active volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai. In the south, wooded hills and flat valleys stretch into [|Mozambique], while eroded mountains rise in the east-central part of the Tanzania. Further inland from these areas, the scrublands of the eastern plateau stretch westward and eventually rise to the Central Plateau. This elevated area is home to densely forested hills and flatlands that extend toward highlands in the west and southwest, while the Serengeti plains extend into [|Kenya] in the northern part of the country. There, the terrain ascends into a series of mountain ranges that run along the area east of Lake Tanganyika. In the far north, the massive [|Lake Victoria]—the second-largest freshwater lake in the world—dominates the landscape, with low mountains rising to the east of its waters.



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The largest lakes in Tanzania, which are among the largest lakes in Africa, lie along its borders: Lake Victoria in the north is shared with Kenya and Uganda and provides the most important headwaters of the [|Nile]; the deep Lake Tanganyika to the west is shared with [|Burundi], [|Zambia], and the [|Democratic Republic of Congo]; and Lake Nyasa in the south extends into both Mozambique and [|Malawi]. There are numerous other lakes entirely contained within Tanzania, including Lake Rukwa, Lake Mtera, Lake Eyasi, Lake Manyara, and Lake Natron. The Ruvuma, Rufiji, Wami, and Pangani rivers all flow eastward across Tanzania toward the Indian Ocean and their various [|tributaries] connect the many lakes in the country. In the northwest, the Kagera River flows into Lake Victoria along the border with [|Rwanda], while the eastward flow of the Ruvuma River provides the southern border with Mozambique.

Tanzania's Beautiful Victoria Falls