Africa+B+Dennis+Brian

 Science/Technology - The first university was created in Africa, Timbuktu.  Government - Monarchy to merchants/traders to farmers to peasants.   Religion: I **n 1400~1600, Africa had their own personal religion, for instance, in Egypt, Horus, Anubis, Seth, etc. But in the 1700’s, after the Europeans came, they had the tendency into destroying their gods and brainwashing new-born kids/students/some adults into Christianity. **  <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Economics: <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Rich in some areas especially near the western coasts and not that wealthy in some middle areas, along with them, mixed up with famine countries. Among all countries, Ghana, or at that state, Asante, was the richest countries of all. Africa at this state, overall, had a strong and tight economy. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Trade: <span style="color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> ** <span style="font-family: 굴림">Portuguese trade in Africa increasingly attracts rival European traders who, in the 16th century, created competing stations or attempted to capture the existing trade. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-family: 굴림">** In western Africa the new trade had effects. Earlier trade routes were now reoriented from the Sahara to the seacoast, and as the states of the savanna declined in economic importance, states along the coast increased their wealth and power. **<span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(120, 18, 17)"> <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-decoration: none"> <span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Bibliography <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Edgerton, Robert B., //The Fall of the Asante Empire,// 1995; Williams, Brian. //The Kingfisher Reference Atlas: An A-Z Guide to Countries of the World//. New York: Kingfisher Books, 1993. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> **<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">"Salt, Gold, Ivory, and Slaves (Overview)." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. **<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> **<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">"African Civilization Society." __American History__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com]>. **<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Weaknesses/lacking history in: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> : Science/ Technology might be seen as a weakness in our perspectives of the modern days, so classified as weakness. In the case of researching for Africa, technology can fall into other categories rather than only mechanics/engineering’s/etc. **
 * <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(120, 18, 17); font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Strengths/strong things Africa believed in: **
 * <span style="font-family: 굴림">Asante, now called as Ghana, was the richest in trade. Asante, along with some other countries, had numerous amounts of gold and was brilliant in producing, at that point, the most effective trade materials, ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">gold, cloth, guns, and slaves made the region a volatile yet profitable area.  **<span style="font-family: 굴림"> IRONICALLY: Major trade in Africa, themselves, made most profit off of their own people. Britain begins its slave trade in Africa. Slave Trade increases significantly with development of plantation colonies of the Americas, especially in Brazil. Other countries involved in the European slave trade. It was also called as the “Atlantic Trade.” ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">West Africa, at that point, was transformed by the slave trade. The Atlantic Trade made more people in Africa make profit off of each other; they sold each other off to England states/America, This local slave system had far-reaching consequences, leading to religious protest and slave rebellions. Due to these events, major conflicts have occurred throughout the country.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">

__ Military  __ “ In addition to trading, the Asante farmed the land and maintained a strong military. At its height, the Asante Empire included much of modern-day Ghana, eastern <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'ArialMT','sans-serif'"><span style="color: rgb(0, 21, 193); font-family: 'Apple Casual'">[|Côte d'Ivoire]  , and western Togo.” "Salt, Gold, Ivory, and Slaves (Overview)." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. “In the 18th and 19th centuries, Great Britain attempted several times to invade and conquer the Asante Empire. The Asante successfully repelled the British. In 1874, the British finally conquered the Asante when they invaded and sacked Kumasi with modern weaponry of the day. Although resistance continued for many years, by 1901, the Asante Empire had become one of many British colonial holdings in Africa.” “The African slave trade was supplied by a series of wars that the Asante fought with competing groups within and outside their empire. Such groups as the Denkyira, Akim, Sefwi, and Akwapim fought the Asante in the 1700s. However, the Asante held a decided advantage over their rivals by possessing European firearms earlier than other West African societies. Furthermore, they reaped economic benefits by selling prisoners of war to their European trading partners.” “Lasting a period of approximately two centuries, the **Asante** Empire was the dominant center of West African trade with European countries. Gold, ivory, guns, and slaves made the region a volatile yet profitable area.” "Asante Empire." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. “The Asante not only outnumbered the British but also used superior tactics.” "Asante Wars." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. __ Resources  __ “Within the Asante Empire, some villages began the production of trade goods, like cloth. Social organization also centered on trade, with both free men and slaves working together to operate large trading canoes. Trading groups and villages joined in large corporation under the leadership of merchants.” "Salt, Gold, Ivory, and Slaves (Overview)." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. __ Weakness  __ “The expanding African slave trade affected the continent's cultures and kingdoms in many different ways. A merchant class arose in coastal communities that came to rival royal power. That challenge began to break down traditional social structures like the kinship system. Over time, powerful kingdoms arose around control of the African slaving routes. Warfare—often constant and increasingly fought with European guns—broke out as rival kingdoms fought to control those routes.” “In addition, communities lost huge numbers of their healthiest men, women, and children to the slave trade. While in overcrowded communities that loss may have seemed attractive to local leaders, over time it weakened the African population. Finally, although European traders introduced such useful crops as corn and cassava, they also brought devastating diseases to Africa.” <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'ArialMT','sans-serif'">"Slave Trade Crosses the Atlantic (Overview)." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. “ By the end of the 17th century, about 25,000 slaves were sent to the Americas and West Indies yearly.” "Salt, Gold, Ivory, and Slaves (Overview)." __World History: The Modern Era__. 2008. ABC-CLIO. 21 Aug. 2008 <[|http://www.worldhistory.abc-clio.com]>. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Bib for pictures <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">1. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">"Africa.gif." __izea.net__. 25 Aug. 2008 <www.izea.net/images/africa.gif>.<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">2. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">"Kenya." __Africa__. 25 Aug. 2008 <lh6.ggpht.com/_DgqAy1ahvkM/RtpjsTBif8I/AAAAAAAAAWU/54Y3Z3B8J2Q/Adina+-+Kenya+-+Waterbok+and+Pigs.jpg>.<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">3. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">African Children." __Mieidianmagazine__. 25 Aug. 2008 <www.meridianmagazine.com/people/images/africa/hernia.jpg>.<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">   <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">4. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal"> <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕">Statue ." __Encyberimg.encyber__. 25 Aug. 2008 <encyberimg.encyber.com/updata/travelkorea/200606/13/11510297878.jpg>.<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: '맑은 고딕'">"Horus is Stages." __Highermeaning__. 25 Aug. 2008