Japanese+Fascism+D

1. **Powerful and Continuing Nationalism** - Fascist regimes tend to make constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, and other paraphernalia. Flags are seen everywhere, as are flag symbols on clothing and in public displays.  2. **Disdain for the Recognition of Human Rights** - Because of fear of enemies and the need for security, the people in fascist regimes are persuaded that human rights can be ignored in certain cases because of "need." The people tend to look the other way or even approve of torture, summary executions, assassinations, long incarcerations of prisoners, etc.
 * No people are as independent as the Japanese.
 * persecution of certain political views ("persecution of Socialists and Communists")
 * "assassination of Cabinet Ministers by groups of ‘Young Officers’"

3. **Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats as a Unifying Cause** - The people are rallied into a unifying patriotic frenzy over the need to eliminate a perceived common threat or foe: racial, ethnic or religious minorities; liberals; communists; socialists, terrorists, etc.
 * there is persecution of Socialists and Communists and that the political parties have little power.

4. **Supremacy of the Military** - Even when there are widespread domestic problems, the military is given a disproportionate amount of government funding, and the domestic agenda is neglected. Soldiers and military service are glamorized.
 * "they point out that the Army and the Navy are in command"
 * " militarism is lauded to the skies,"

5. **Rampant Sexism** - The governments of fascist nations tend to be almost exclusively male-dominated. Under fascist regimes, traditional gender roles are made more rigid. Divorce, abortion and homosexuality are suppressed and the state is represented as the ultimate guardian of the family institution.
 * no direct quotation for this, but the names mentioned by Mr. Matsuoka are all men (i.e. Mr. Baldwin, Mr. MacDonald, Emperor Meiji, etc)

6. **Controlled Mass Media** - Sometimes to media is directly controlled by the government, but in other cases, the media is indirectly controlled by government regulation, or sympathetic media spokespeople and executives. Censorship, especially in war time, is very common.
 * they are encouraged to think in certain ways that the government want them to think, because often times "dangerous thoughts" to the country are oppressed

7. **Obsession with National Security** - Fear is used as a motivational tool by the government over the masses.
 *  “I am agitating to abolish political parties, he replied. “The West is already doing it.

//**By Rachel Lim & Rachel Han**//

=JAPANESE FASCISM D 8 ~ 14 =

**By: Soyon Jun, Janet Kwon, and Lisa Kim**
8. Religion and Government are Intertwined - Governments in fascist nations tend to use the most common religion in the nation as a tool to manipulate public opinion. Religious rhetoric and terminology is common from government leaders, even when the major tenets of the religion are diametrically opposed to the government's policies or actions.  -->The most common religion in Japan is Shinto. Shinto has influenced Japanese since the beginning of Japanese history. The Japanese government demanded all people to believe in this religion and that the Emperor was actually a “god.” Those who opposed were executed, like Oomoto and Soka Gakkai.

9. Corporate Power is Protected - The industrial and business aristocracy of a fascist nation often are the ones who put the government leaders into power, creating a mutually beneficial business/government relationship and power elite. <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);"> In Japan, this tight relationship between banks, bourgeoisie, and industrial management meant a unified body of people, which could never be separated. Not to worry; the Japanese zaibatsu had long before achieved "reforms" of the postal banking system that turned it into a conveyor belt for deposits. The design was different, and the zaibatsu had its own house-system of discipline for managers-bourgeoisie, but the outcome was the same. http://www.jamesrmaclean.com/archives/archive_fascism_guerin_4.html

10. Labor Power is Suppressed - Because the organizing power of labor is the only real threat to a fascist government, labor unions are either eliminated entirely, or are severely suppressed. <span style="line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">“We must get away from Western democracy which breeds corruption and return to the true Japanese democracy which is the rule of the Emperor. The mainspring of our country is the Emperor. He is responsible for all that happens in Japan. The Emperor Meiji wrote in a letter: “If there is a man who is not contented, them I am responsible”. The Emperor rules according to the will of Heaven. We have a saying that the will of the people is the will of Heaven. That is our Japanese democracy”. persecution of Socialists and Communists and that the political parties have little power

11. Disdain for Intellectuals and the Arts - Fascist nations tend to promote and tolerate open hostility to higher education, and academia. It is not uncommon for professors and other academics to be censored or even arrested. Free expression in the arts and letters is openly attacked. <span style="line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">‘dangerous thought’ is suppressed

12. Obsession with Crime and Punishment - Under fascist regimes, the police are given almost limitless power to enforce laws. The people are often willing to overlook police abuses and even forego civil liberties in the name of patriotism. There is often a national police force with virtually unlimited power in fascist nations. <span style="line-height: normal; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">The most important aspect, however, especially for the Yakuza, is anti-communism, making the groups willing storm troopers against trade unions during labor struggles and allowing for a type of conflict-resolution which can't be achieved by the police.

The police are also present on the highway. But neither are the cars in the right-wing convoy searched for weapons nor are people's identity cards checked. The leaders on both sides know each other well. The topic of right-wing violence is only given a few lines of mention in annual police reports. The murder of Tomohiro Kojiro, a reporter for the daily newspaper Asahi Shinbun', on May 4, 1987 is not even mentioned. And it's not only communists who think that the police and fascists work together when it comes to observing and disrupting the activities of the Communist Party of Japan (CPJ).

13. Rampant Cronyism and Corruption - Fascist regimes almost always are governed by groups of friends and associates who appoint each other to government positions and use governmental power and authority to protect their friends from accountability. It is not uncommon in fascist regimes for national resources and even treasures to be appropriated or even outright stolen by government leaders. <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">Many parties had close ties with the government, such as the military and political organizations. Also, Japan transformed to serve the ARMY and the EMPEROR. This means, army began to have power and also the old shogunate system. The navy militarists protected the Emperors.

14. Fraudulent Elections - Sometimes elections in fascist nations are a complete sham. Other times elections are manipulated by smear campaigns against or even assassination of opposition candidates, use of legislation to control voting numbers or political district boundaries, and manipulation of the media. Fascist nations also typically use their judiciaries to manipulate or control elections.